# 0.14 Mix’n’match receiver design  (Page 9/9)

 Page 9 / 9

The software-defined radio should have the following user-selectable variables that can readily be set at the start ofprocessing of the received block of data:

• rolloff factor $\beta$ for the square-root raised cosine pulse shape,
• initial phase offset,
• initial timing offset, and
• initial equalizer parameterization.

The following are some suggestions:

• Build your own transmitter in addition to a digital receiver simulation.This will enable you to test your receiver as described in the methodologyproposed in the preceding section over a wider range of conditions than just thecases available on the website. Also, building a transmitterwill increase your understanding of the composition of the received signal.
• Try to break your receiver. See how much noise can be present in the received signal beforeaccurate (e.g., less than 1% symbol errors) demodulation seems impossible. Find the fastest change in the carrierphase that your receiver can track, even with a bad initial guess.
• In order to facilitate more effective debugging while building the project, implementation of a debug mode in the receiver is recommended.The information of interest will be plots of the time histories of pertinent signals as well as timinginformation (e.g., a graph of matched filter average output power versus receiver symbol timing offset).One convenient way to add this feature to your M atlab receiver would be to include a debug flag as an argumentthat produces these plots when the flag is activated.
• When debugging adaptive components, use a test with initialization at the right answer and zero stepsize to determine if the problem is in the adaptation or in the fixed component structure.An initialization very near the desired answer with a small stepsize will reveal that the adaptive portion isworking properly if the adaptive parameter trajectory remains in the close vicinity of the desired answer.A rapid divergence may indicate that the update has the wrong sign or that the stepsize is way too large.An aimless wandering that drifts away from the vicinity of the desired answer represents a more subtle problemthat requires reconsideration of the algorithm code and/or its suitability for the circumstance at hand.

Several test files that contain a “mystery signal” with a quote from a well known bookare available on the website. They are labelled easyN.mat , mediumN.mat , and hardN.mat . One student remarked that these should have been called hardN.mat , harderN.mat , and completelyridiculousN.mat . Nonetheless, a well crafted ${\mathcal{M}}^{6}$ receiver can recover the hidden messages. These have been created with a variety of different rolloff factors, carrier frequencies, phase noises,ISI, interferers, and symbol timing offsets. We encourage the adventurous reader to try to“receive” these secret signals. Solve the mystery.Break it down.

An overview of a practical application of software-defined radio emphasizing the redefinability of the DSP portion of the receivercan be found in

• B. Bing and N. Jayant, “A cellphone for all standards,” IEEE Spectrum , pg 34–39, May 2002.

The field of “software radio” erupted with a special issue of the IEEE Communications Magazine in May 1995. This was called a “landmark special issue”in an editorial in the more recent

• J. Mitola, III, V. Bose, B. M. Leiner, T. Turletti and D. Tennenhouse, Ed., IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (Special Issue on Software Radios), vol. 17, April 1999.

For more information on the technological context and the relevance of software implementations of communicationssystems, see

• E. Buracchini, “The Software Radio Concept,” IEEE Communications Magazine , vol. 38, pp. 138–143, September 2000

and papers from the (occasional) special section in the IEEE Communications Magazine on topics in software and DSP in radio.For much more, see

• J. H. Reed, Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering , Prentice Hall, 2002

which overlaps in content (if not style) with the first half of Software Receiver Design .

Two recommended monographs that include more attention than most to the methodologyof the same slice of digital receiver design as we consider here are

• J. A. C. Bingham, The Theory and Practice of Modem Design , Wiley Interscience, 1988.(especially Chapter 5)
• H. Meyr, M. Moeneclaey, and S. A. Fechtel, Digital Communication Receivers: Synchronization, Channel Estimation, and Signal Processing , Wiley Interscience, 1998(especially Section 4.1). A similar design challenge can be found in the extensionto QAM found in the website in A Digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Radio .

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