Discrete-time signals are mathematical entities; in particular, they are functions with an independent time variable and a dependent variable that typically represents some kind of real-world quantity of interest. But as interesting as a signal may be on its own, engineers usually want to
do something to it. This kind of action is what discrete-time systems are all about. A
discrete-time system is a mathematical transformation that maps a discrete-time input signal (usually designated $x$) into a discrete-time output signal (usually designated $y$). In other words, it takes an input signal and modifies it to produce an output signal:
System $\mathcal{H}$ takes takes a discrete time signal $x$ as an input and produces an output $y$. There is no end to the possibilities of what a system could do. Systems might be trivially dull (e.g., produce an output of 0 regardless of the input) or incredibly complex (e.g., isolate a single voice speaking in a crowd). Here are a few examples of systems:
A speech recognition system converts acoustic waves of speech into text
A radar system transforms the received radar pulse to estimate the position and velocity of targets
A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) system transforms measurements of electron spin into voxel-by-voxel estimates of brain activity
A 30 day moving average smooths out the day-to-day variability in a stock price
Signal length and systems
Recall that discrete-time signals can be broadly divided into two classes based upon their length: they are either infinite length or finite length (and recall also that periodic signals, though infinite in length, can be viewed as finite-length signals when we take a single period into account). Likewise, discrete-time systems are also finite or infinite length, depending on the kind of input signals they take. Finite-length systems take in a finite-length input and produce a finite-length output (of the same length), with infinite-length systems doing the same for infinite-length signals.
Examples of discrete-time systems
So a system takes an input signal $x$ and produces an output signal $y$. How does this look, mathematically? Below are several examples of systems and their mathematical expression:
Identity: $y[n] = x[n]$
Scaling: $y[n] = 2\, x[n]$
Offset: $y[n] = x[n]+2$
Square signal: $y[n] = (x[n])^2$
Shift: $y[n] = x[n+m]\quad m\in Z$
\]
Decimate: $y[n] = x[2n]$
Square time: $y[n] = x[n^2]$
Moving average (combines shift, sum, scale): $y[n] = \frac{1}{2}(x[n]+x[n-1])$
Recursive average: $y[n] = x[n]+ \alpha\,y[n-1]$
So systems take input signals and produce output signals. We have seen some examples of systems, and have also introduced a broad categorization of systems as either operating on finite or infinite length signals.
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
hello. autism is a umbrella term. autistic kids have different disorder overlapping. for example. a kid may show symptoms of ADHD and also learning disabilities.
before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue..
sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed.
treatment for autism.
well it depends on the severity.
since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
Jharna
child interact with other kids under doc supervision.
play therapy.
speech therapy.
Engaging in different activities that activate most parts of the brain.. like drawing..painting. matching color board game.
string and beads game.
the more you interact with the child the more effective
Jharna
results you'll get..
please consult a therapist to know what suits best on your child.
and last as a parent. I know sometimes it's overwhelming to guide a special kid.
but trust the process and be strong and patient as a parent.
Jharna
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