# 0.4 The impact of digital tuning on the overall design of an fdm  (Page 5/7)

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By inspection it would appear that the proper value of $lo{g}_{2}\left(\frac{{f}_{s}}{\Delta f}\right)=lo{g}_{2}N$ is 8, 9, or 10. Assuming a nominal value of 9, we can use [link] to accurately estimate the optimum value of f s . Performing this calculation yields 437 kHz. In the actual design, this value was rounded up to 512 kHz, the next-higher power-of-two integer multiple of 4 kHz. The choice of ${f}_{s}=512$ kHz in turn means that the tuner decimation M t must equal 4 and the tuner's pulse response duration L t must equal at least 20.

The resulting tuner/transmultiplexer, shown in [link] and described in [link] , was built on a single circuit card. The 12-bit A/D module was mounted separately in the chassis. One multiplier chip operating at 4.096 megamultiplies/sec performed the tuner's quadrature downconversion. Two multiplier-accumulators (MACs) filtered and decimated the downconverted signal, preserving the center 248 kHz. Two more MACs perform the window-and-fold preprocessing for the transmultiplexer while a single MAC is used to compute the radix-2 FFT. Seven stages are used to compute the 128-point FFT and an additional one is used to perform sideband inversion on those voice channels designated by the user. This transmultiplexer also happens to use the so-called offset-bin DFT instead of the usual DFT. The motivation for this and the method for implementing it are discussed in Offset Bin Operation from "An Introduction to the FDM-TDM Digital Transmultiplexer: Appendix B" .

## Design of the fsk vft telegraphy demodulator

The section "Example: Using an FDM-TDM Transmux to Demodulate R.35 Telgraphy Signals" discussed the use of an FDM-to-TDM transmultiplexer as an integral part of a demodulator capable of handling all 24 FSK signals present in an FDM voice frequency telegraphy (VFT) system. The analysis developed in that section showed that, in absence of other system-level factors, the best input sampling rate to the transmux-based filter bank was 3840 Hz, 64 times the 60 Hz fundamental tone spacing in the R.35 standard. In this section, we re-examine that choice in terms of the tuner required to provide the VFT signal to the transmultiplexer.

To pass all 24 FSK components of an R.35 VFT signal, the tuner must have a passband B t of slightly more than 2880 Hz. The system must be able to accept real-valued digital samples from a commercial PCM link. These are provided at a rate of 8000 samples/sec This demodulator was also capable of digitizing real-valued analog inputs at a rate of 16 kHz. . From the section "Example: Using an FDM-TDM Transmux to Demodulate R.35 Telegraphy Signals" we recall that the other key parameters in the filter bank's design are: $Q=3$ , $M=12$ (assuming the input rate is 3840 Hz), $K=\frac{16}{3}$ , and $N=64$ . Using the values in [link] , and assuming a nominal value of 2.5 for α t , yields 3920 Hz as the optimal value of fs . This is very close to the best choice without taking the tuner into account. We therefore fix on 3840 Hz as the overall best choice.

what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
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Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
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why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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