# 0.7 Textures in processing

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A brief guide to texture mapping in Processing

## Color interpolation

As seen in Graphic Composition in Processing , one can obtain surfaces as collections of polygons by means of the definition of a vertexwithin the couple beginShape() - endShape() . It is possible to assign a color to one or more vertices, in order to make the color variations continuous ( gradient ). For example, you can try to run the code size(200,200,P3D);beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP); fill(240, 0, 0); vertex(20,31, 33);fill(240, 150, 0); vertex(80, 40, 38); fill(250, 250, 0); vertex(75, 88, 50);vertex(49, 85, 74); endShape(); in order to obtain a continuous nuance from red to yellow in the strip of two triangles.

## Bilinear interpolation

The graphical system performs an interpolation of color values assigned to the vertices. This type of bilinear interpolation is defined in the following way:

• For each polygon of the collection
• For each side of the polygon one assigns to each point on the segment the color obtained by means of linear interpolation of the colors of the vertices $i$ e $j$ that define the polygon: ${C}_{ij}(\alpha )=\left(1-\mathrm{\alpha \right)}{C}_{i}+\alpha {C}_{j}$
• A scan line scans the polygon (or, better, its projection on the image window) intersecting at each step two sides in two points $l$ ed $r$ whose colors have already been identified as ${C}_{l}$ e ${C}_{r}$ . In each point of the scan line the color is determined by linear interpolation ${C}_{lr}(\beta )=\left(1-\mathrm{\beta \right)}{C}_{l}+\beta {C}_{r}$

A significative example of interpolation of colors associated to the vertices of a cube can be found in examples of Processing , in the code RGB Cube .

## Texture

When modeling a complex scene by means of a composition of simple graphical elements one cannot go beyond a certainthreshold of complexity. Let us think about the example of a modelization of a natural scene, where one has to representeach single vegetal element, including the grass of a meadow. It is unconceivable to do this manually. It would bepossible to set and control the grass elements by means of some algorithms. This is an approach taken, for example, inrendering the hair and skin of characters of the most sophisticated animation movies (see for example, the Incredibles ). Otherwise, especially in case of interactive graphics, one has to resort to using textures . In other words, one employs images that represent the visual texture of the surfaces and map them onthe polygons that model the objects of the scene. In order to have a qualitative rendering of the surfaces it is necessaryto limit the detail level to fragments not smaller than one pixel and, thus, the texture mapping is inserted in the rendering chain at the rastering level of the graphic primitives, i.e. where one passes from a 3Dgeometric description to the illumination of the pixels on the display. It is at this level that the removal of thehidden surfaces takes place, since we are interested only in the visible fragments.

In Processing, a texture is defined within a block beginShape() - endShape() by means of the function texture() that has as unique parameter a variable of type PImage . The following calls to vertex() can contain, as last couple of parameters, the point of the texture correspondingto the vertex. In fact, each texture image is parameterized by means of two variables $u$ and $v$ , that can be referred directly to the line and column of a texel (pixel of a texture) or, alternatively, normalized between $0$ and $1$ , in such a way that one can ignore the dimension as well as the width and height of the texture itself. Themeaning of the parameters $u$ and $v$ is established by the command textureMode() with parameter IMAGE or NORMALIZED .

where we get a research paper on Nano chemistry....?
nanopartical of organic/inorganic / physical chemistry , pdf / thesis / review
Ali
what are the products of Nano chemistry?
There are lots of products of nano chemistry... Like nano coatings.....carbon fiber.. And lots of others..
learn
Even nanotechnology is pretty much all about chemistry... Its the chemistry on quantum or atomic level
learn
da
no nanotechnology is also a part of physics and maths it requires angle formulas and some pressure regarding concepts
Bhagvanji
hey
Giriraj
Preparation and Applications of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
revolt
da
Application of nanotechnology in medicine
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
Nasa has use it in the 60's, copper as water purification in the moon travel.
Alexandre
nanocopper obvius
Alexandre
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
Any one who tell me about Preparation and application of Nanomaterial for drug Delivery
Hafiz
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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