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Discussion: Which of the four styles listed above best describe your style? Why? Refer back to Table 1 to help explain your answer.

Activity: Utilizing Table 3, identify the most likely type of learning style(s) you have by examining your answer to the above discussion. Reflect on the types of strategies that best reflect your style.

Case study: self-reflection and professional development

By identifying how adults learn, administrators are better able to arrange approaches to meet the learning styles of those they lead and arrange for professional development in their respective school settings. This insight will serve us well when we are seeking by-in for new multi-media applications that will improve management aspects of the workplace and especially student success for all. Focus on a professional development situation in which you were a learner: a situation in which you were asked to learn a new concept. What was the concept? What was the setting in which you were to learn?

Discussion: In a group, discuss how you as the learner would respond to the following questions.

  • How key was attention to the learning and the act of learning?
  • What optimized your attention?
  • What maintained your attention?
  • What role did peer or personal motivation play?
  • How much control as the learner did you have? Was it enough?
  • How much did interest or need affect (your) learning? 

Activity: Now plan a professional development activity by focusing on the following issues:

  • How key is maintaining the attention of the learner in the act of learning?
  • What would you do to optimize attention?
  • What would you do to maintain attention?
  • What role does peer or personal motivation play?
  • How much control for the learner do you think is necessary?
  • How much does interest or need of the learner affect your training? 

Web resources

Adult Education Quarterly, (External Link)

Adult Learning, (External Link)

Adult Learning Activities, California Distance Learning Project (External Link)

Community Partnerships for Adult Learning , U.S. Department of Education, (External Link)

Educational Technology Clearing House, (External Link)

How Adults Learn, (External Link)

ISTE: International Society for Technology in Education (External Link)

Mentor Information and Materials, (External Link)

Iowa’s Professional Development Model (External Link)

Teaching Tips Index, (External Link)

The U.S. Department of Education's Office of Educational Technology , http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/technology/index.html

References

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bayard, J.P.&Papa, R. (2003). One learning model. Sacramento, CA: Center for Teaching and Learning.
  • Bloom, B.S. (1965). Taxonomy of educational objectives. London, UK: Longman.
  • Brown, R. (1990). The construct and concurrent validity of the social dimension of the Brown locus of control scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50, 377-382. Note: In-class Hand-out.
  • Brown, R.&Marcoulides, G.A. (October, 1996). A cross-cultural comparison of the Brown locus of control scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56, 5, 858-863. (External Link)
  • Bruner, J.S. (1983). In search of mind: Essays in autobiography. New York, NY: Harper&Row.
  • Cronbach, L.&Snot, R. (1977). Aptitudes and instructional methods: A handbook for research on interactions . New York, NY: Irvington.
  • Cross, K.P. (1981). Adults as learners: Increasing participation and facilitating learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York, NY: Macmillan.
  • Erikson, E.H. (1959). Identity and the life cycle . Psychological Issues , 1 , 1.
  • Erikson, E.H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
  • Felder, R. (1993). Reaching the second tier: Learning and teaching styles in college science education. Journal of College Science Teaching, 23 (5), 286-290. Retrieved December 2000, from (External Link) .
  • Felder, R. (1996). Matters of style. ASEE Prism, 6 (4), 18-23. Retrieved December 2000, from (External Link) .
  • Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences . New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence Reframed. Multiple intelligences for the 21st century , New York: Basic Books.
  • Gardner, H. (1999). The Disciplined Mind: Beyond Facts And Standardized Tests, The K-12 Education That Every Child Deserves , New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Gardner, H. (2006). The development and education of the mind: The selected works of Howard Gardner. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  • Glasser, W. (1990). The quality school . New York, NY: Harper&Row.
  • Gregorc, A.,&Butler, K. (1984, April). Learning is a matter of style. VocEd , 27-29.
  • Guilford, J.P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5 , 444-454.
  • Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development . Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
  • Knowles, M.S. (1980). The modern practice of adult education: From pedagogy to andragogy. New York, NY: Association Press.
  • Knowles, M.S. (1990). The adult learner: A neglected species. Houston, TX: Gulf.
  • Lave, J.&Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Levinson, D.J. (1978). The s eason’s of a man’s life. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Levinson, D. J.,&Levinson, J. D. (1996). The seasons of a woman's life . New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • McCarthy, B. (2006). The 4-MAT system: Teaching to learning styles with right/left mode techniques . Retrieved on September 9, 2006 from: (External Link)
  • Papa-Lewis, R. (1983). The mentoring relationship between major advisors and doctoral degree advisees. Dissertation Abstracts.
  • Papa-Lewis, R. (1987). The relationship of selected variables to mentoring in doctoral level education. International Journal of Mentoring, 1 (1), 22-26.
  • Papa, R. (2002a). The art of mentoring. Sacramento, CA: Center for Teaching and Learning.
  • Papa, R. (2002b). How we learn. Sacramento, CA: Center for Teaching and Learning.
  • Papa, R. (2004, October). Social studies and elementary education: An annotated review of literature. New York, NY: Macmillan McGraw-Hill, Publishers.
  • Piaget, J. (1970). Piaget’s theory. In P. Mussen (ed) Handbook of child psychology, 1 . New York, NY: Wiley, 1983.
  • Rogers, A. (2002). Teaching adults, 3 rd ed. London, UK: Open University Press.
  • Rogers, J. (2004). Adult learning, 4 th ed. London, UK: Open University Press.
  • Skinner, B.F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, NY: Random House, Inc.
  • Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Watson, J. (1928). The ways of behaviorism . New York, NY: Harper&Brothers Pub.
  • Wenger, E. (1999). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning and identity . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Questions & Answers

what does preconceived mean
sammie Reply
physiological Psychology
Nwosu Reply
How can I develope my cognitive domain
Amanyire Reply
why is communication effective
Dakolo Reply
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
Wekolamo Reply
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Manix Reply
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
JESSY Reply
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
Simon Reply
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
namakula Reply
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
Amesalu Reply
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
Zyryn Reply
good👍
Jonathan
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
Kelu Reply
interpersonal relationships
Abdulfatai Reply
What would be the best educational aid(s) for gifted kids/savants?
Heidi Reply
treat them normal, if they want help then give them. that will make everyone happy
Saurabh
What are the treatment for autism?
Magret Reply
hello. autism is a umbrella term. autistic kids have different disorder overlapping. for example. a kid may show symptoms of ADHD and also learning disabilities. before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue.. sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed. treatment for autism. well it depends on the severity. since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
Jharna
child interact with other kids under doc supervision. play therapy. speech therapy. Engaging in different activities that activate most parts of the brain.. like drawing..painting. matching color board game. string and beads game. the more you interact with the child the more effective
Jharna
results you'll get.. please consult a therapist to know what suits best on your child. and last as a parent. I know sometimes it's overwhelming to guide a special kid. but trust the process and be strong and patient as a parent.
Jharna
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Source:  OpenStax, Ncpea handbook of online instruction and programs in education leadership. OpenStax CNX. Mar 06, 2012 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11375/1.24
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