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- Stem cell research: a science
- World stem cell policies
- World cloning policies
This module is a summary of the different stem cell policies from around the world. This module covers policies concerning derivation of embryonic stem cells, therapeutic cloning, and reproductive cloning from around the globe.
North america
United states
- Officially, embryonic stem cell research, therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning are legal as there is currently no federal regulation or policies overseeing it.
- Reproductive and therapeutic cloning are specifically not federally funded. However, research on human embryonic stem cells is federally funded if these cell lines were created before August 9, 2001. Private industry research is not affected by these policies and is allowed to proceed with the creation of new stem cell lines.
- Some individual states have made their own laws against reproductive and/or therapeutic cloning. (See State Cloning Legislation module)
Canada
- Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning are banned.
- Researchers can use an embryo from IVF if it is no longer needed for reproductive purposes and consent is given by the donor. Creating a human clone is restricted to improving or providing instruction in assisted reproduction procedures.
Costa rica
- Embryonic stem cell research, as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning, is banned.
- Any manipulation of an embryo's genetic code is prohibited, as well as any experimentation on the embryo (two laws as of 1995 and 1998).
Panama
- Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning and the funding of such activities are as of 2004.
Trinidad and tobago
- Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
- The law states that the manipulation of
ovum ,
zygotes , and/or embryos for the purpose of producing one that is genetically equivalent to a living or deceased human being, embryo, zygote, or
fetus -- or implantation of this -- is prohibited. The ovum may not be retrieved to be fertilized, to mature outside of the human body, or to be implanted (as of 1999).
El salvador
- Embryonic stem cell research as well as therapeutic and reproductive cloning is banned.
South america
Argentina
- Embryonic stem cell research is permitted, but all forms of cloning (reproductive and therapeutic) are banned.
- The law specifically states that experiments concerning cloning of human cells in order to generate human beings are prohibited.
Brazil
- Embryonic stem cell research is allowed on IVF embryos that have been frozen for at least three years. Therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning are banned (Bio-Safety Law, March 24, 2005).
Chile
- Embryonic stem cell research is not specifically prohibited, but therapeutic and reproductive cloning and the funding of such activities are.
- The law states that the cloning of human beings and interventions which results in the creation of a human being genetically identical to another is prohibited.
Columbia
- Embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are permitted, but reproductive cloning is banned.
- The criminal code (2000) prohibits fertilization of a human ovum with intent other than procreation and prohibits genetic manipulation for the purpose of reproductive cloning. The code does allow the fertilization of human ova for research and diagnostic purposes, if there is a therapeutic goal.
Questions & Answers
differentiate between demand and supply
giving examples
differentiated between demand and supply using examples
Lambiv
how is the graph works?I don't fully understand
hi guys good evening to all
Lambiv
In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
Ezea
other things being equal
AI-Robot
When MP₁ becomes negative, TP start to decline.
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of lab
Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 •
Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
Kelo
Can I ask you other question?
Shukri
What is different between quantity demand and demand?
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
Ezea
how do you save a country economic situation when it's falling apart
what is the difference between economic growth and development
Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but
Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
Shukri
production function means
Jabir
What do you think is more important to focus on when considering inequality ?
any question about economics?
sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
Asui
it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
Awais
thank you so much 👍 sir
Asui
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has
The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50.
A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility.
B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier.
C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price.
D,alculate optimum level of output .
the market for lemon has 10 potential consumers, each having an individual demand curve p=101-10Qi, where p is price in dollar's per cup and Qi is the number of cups demanded per week by the i th consumer.Find the market demand curve using algebra. Draw an individual demand curve and the market dema
suppose the production function is given by ( L, K)=L¼K¾.assuming capital is fixed find APL and MPL. consider the following short run production function:Q=6L²-0.4L³ a) find the value of L that maximizes output b)find the value of L that maximizes marginal product
Abdureman
What is the difference between perfect competition and monopolistic competition?
Mohammed
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Source:
OpenStax, Stem cell research: a science and policy overview. OpenStax CNX. Aug 03, 2007 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10445/1.1
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