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9: {

10: if (Grade>HighestGrade )

11: HighestGrade = Grade;

12: cout<<"Enter grade (enter end-of-file to end): ";

13: }

14: cout<<endl<<"Highest grade is:"<<HighestGrade<<endl;

15: return 0;

16: }

Chúng ta chạy ví dụ 8.8 , kết quả ở hình 8.10

Hình 8.10: Kết quả của ví dụ 8.8

Các hàm thành viên get() và getline()

Hàm istream::get() có các dạng sau:

(1) int get();

(2) istream&get(unsigned char&ch);

(3) istream&get(signed char&ch);

(4) istream&get(unsigned char * puch, int len, char delim=’\n’);

(5) istream&get(signed char * psch, int len, char delim=’\n’);

Dạng (1) trích ký tự đơn từ dòng và trả về nó hoặc EOF khi end-of-file trên dòng được bắt gặp.

Dạng (2) và (3) trích một ký tự đơn từ dòng và lưu trữ nó vào ch.

Dạng (4) và (5) trích các ký tự từ dòng cho đến khi hoặc delim được tìm thấy, giới hạn len đạt đến, hoặc end-of-file được bắt gặp. Các ký tự được lưu trong con trỏ chỉ đến mảng ký tự puch hoặc psch.

Ví dụ 8.9: Sử dụng hàm get() dạng (1)

1: //Chương trình 8.9

2: #include<iostream.h>

3: int main()

4: {

5: int Ch;

6: cout<<"Before input, cin.eof() is "<<cin.eof()<<endl

7:         <<"Enter a sentence followed by end-of-file:"<<endl;

8: while ( ( Ch = cin.get() ) != EOF)

9: cout.put(Ch);

10: cout<<endl<<"EOF in this system is: "<<Ch<<endl;

11: cout<<"After input, cin.eof() is "<<cin.eof()<<endl;

12: return 0;

13: }

Chúng ta chạy ví dụ 8.9 , kết quả ở hình 8.11

Hình 8.11: Kết quả của ví dụ 8.9

Trong ví dụ 8.9 trên, chúng ta có sử dụng hàm ios::eof() có dạng sau:

int eof();Hàm trả về giá tri khác zero nếu end-of-file bắt gặp.

Ví dụ 8.10: Sử dụng hàm get() dạng (5)

1: //Chương trình 8.10

2: #include<iostream.h>

3:

4: const int SIZE = 80;

5:

6: int main()

7: {

8: char Buffer1[SIZE], Buffer2[SIZE];

9: cout<<"Enter a sentence:"<<endl;

10: cin>>Buffer1;

11: cout<<endl<<"The string read with cin was:"<<endl

12:         <<Buffer1<<endl<<endl;

13: cin.get(Buffer2, SIZE);

14: cout<<"The string read with cin.get was:"<<endl

15:         <<Buffer2<<endl;

16: return 0;

17: }

Chúng ta chạy ví dụ 8.10 , kết quả ở hình 8.12

Hình 8.12: Kết quả của ví dụ 8.10

Hàm istream::getline() có các dạng sau:

(1) istream&getline(unsigned char * puch, int len, char delim=’\n’);

(2) istream&getline(signed char * psch, int len, char delim=’\n’);

Ví dụ 8.11: Sử dụng hàm getline()

1: //Chương trình 8.11

2: #include<iostream.h>

3:

4: const SIZE = 80;

5:

6: int main()

7: {

8: char Buffer[SIZE];

9: cout<<"Enter a sentence:"<<endl;

10: cin.getline(Buffer, SIZE);

11: cout<<endl<<"The sentence entered is:"<<endl

12:         <<Buffer<<endl;

13: return 0;

14: }

Chúng ta chạy ví dụ 8.11 , kết quả ở hình 8.13

Hình 8.13: Kết quả của ví dụ 8.11

Các hàm thành viên khác của istream

Hàm ignore():

istream&ignore(int nCount = 1, int delim = EOF);

Trích và loại bỏ lên đến nCount ký tự. Việc trích dừng nếu delim được bắt gặp hoặc nếu end-of-file bắt gặp.

Hàm putback():

istream&putback(char ch);

Đặt một ký tự ngược lại dòng nhập.

Hàm peek():

int peek();

Hàm trả về ký tự kế tiếp mà không trích nó từ dòng.

Nhập/xuất kiểu an toàn

C++ cung cấp nhập/xuất kiểu an toàn (type-safe). Các toán tử<<và>>được đa năng hóa để nhận các mục dữ liệu của kiểu cụ thể. Nếu dữ liệu bất ngờ được xử lý, các cờ hiệu lỗi khác nhau được thiết lập mà người dùng có thể kiểm tra để xác định nếu một thao tác nhập/xuất thành công hoặc thất bại. Phần sau chúng ta sẽ khảo sát kỹ hơn.

Questions & Answers

differentiate between demand and supply giving examples
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Lambiv
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Lambiv
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appreciation
Eliyee
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In economics, a perfect market refers to a theoretical construct where all participants have perfect information, goods are homogenous, there are no barriers to entry or exit, and prices are determined solely by supply and demand. It's an idealized model used for analysis,
Ezea
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other things being equal
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Kelo
Extuples Suppose that the short-run production function of certain cut-flower firm is given by: Q=4KL-0.6K2 - 0.112 • Where is quantity of cut flower produced, I is labour input and K is fixed capital input (K-5). Determine the average product of labour (APL) and marginal product of labour (MPL)
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what is monopoly mean?
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Shukri Reply
Quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a give price and within a specific time period. Demand, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the entire relationship between price and quantity demanded
Ezea
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Economic growth as an increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy.but Economic development as a broader concept that encompasses not only economic growth but also social & human well being.
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Jabir
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sir...I just want to ask one question... Define the term contract curve? if you are free please help me to find this answer 🙏
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it is a curve that we get after connecting the pareto optimal combinations of two consumers after their mutually beneficial trade offs
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In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities, where neither p
Cornelius
In economics, the contract curve refers to the set of points in an Edgeworth box diagram where both parties involved in a trade cannot be made better off without making one of them worse off. It represents the Pareto efficient allocations of goods between two individuals or entities,
Cornelius
Suppose a consumer consuming two commodities X and Y has The following utility function u=X0.4 Y0.6. If the price of the X and Y are 2 and 3 respectively and income Constraint is birr 50. A,Calculate quantities of x and y which maximize utility. B,Calculate value of Lagrange multiplier. C,Calculate quantities of X and Y consumed with a given price. D,alculate optimum level of output .
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Answer
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c
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the market for lemon has 10 potential consumers, each having an individual demand curve p=101-10Qi, where p is price in dollar's per cup and Qi is the number of cups demanded per week by the i th consumer.Find the market demand curve using algebra. Draw an individual demand curve and the market dema
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suppose the production function is given by ( L, K)=L¼K¾.assuming capital is fixed find APL and MPL. consider the following short run production function:Q=6L²-0.4L³ a) find the value of L that maximizes output b)find the value of L that maximizes marginal product
Abdureman
types of unemployment
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Mohammed
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Source:  OpenStax, Lập trình hướng đối tượng. OpenStax CNX. Jul 29, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10794/1.1
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