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Natuurwetenskappe

Lewe en lewenswyse

Opvoeders afdeling

Memorandum

  • Gewerweldes (vertebrate) en ongewerweldes (invertebrate)
  • Visse, amfibieë, reptiele, voëls, soogdiere
  • Gemeenskaplike kenmerk (bl. 10): ongewerweld

Tabel:

1. Seester, see-anemoon

2. Mossel, slak, seekat

3. Erdwurm

4. Sprinkaan, kriek, besie

5. Bosluis, spinnekop, skerpioen

6. Kreef, krewel/garnaal, krap

7. Honderdpoot, duisendpoot

Groep 1: 1, 2 en 3

Groep 2: 4, 5, 6 en 7

Rede: teenwoordigheid van eksoskelet (uitwendige skelet) of gelede pote al dan nie.

Opdrag 2:

Sleutel: altyd twee opsies, uitoefening van opsies moet na insekte lei. Volgende kenmerke moet ingesluit wees: ongewerweld, geleedpotig, eksoskelet, 6 pote.

Leerder afdeling

Inhoud

Aktiwiteit: om te ontdek hoe diere aangepas is om in hulle habitat te oorleef [lu 2.2]

DIEREVERSKEIDENHEID

Kan jy nog onthou wat jy in graad 6 oor die indeling van diere geleer het? Jy het geleer dat diere in twee hoofgroepe verdeel word, naamlik die

_________________________________ en _______________________________

Jy het ook geleer dat vertebrate in vyf groepe verdeel word:

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Kom ons kyk nou ‘n bietjie na die invertebrate (ongewerweldes).

Ons gaan verskeie voorbeelde van die invertebrate bestudeer. Jy sal agterkom dat hulle almal bepaalde eienskappe deel, maar aan die anderkant ook baie verskil. Ons gaan op twee maniere probeer om dit maklik te maak om die ooreenkomste en verskille te verstaan en te onthou: ons gaan eerstens kyk hoe die diere aangepas is om te kan oorleef (dit bring verskille tussen verskillende diere mee), en ons gaan die diere op grond van die ooreenkomste en verskille klassifiseer. As jy dinge klassifiseer, beteken dit dat jy dié met dieselfde eienskappe in een groep plaas.

Bioloë het al meer as 2 miljoen verskillende soorte lewende organismes geïdentifiseer en nuwe soorte word nog steeds ontdek. Daar is ‘n streng internasionale kode waarvolgens lewende organismes benoem, gesorteer en geklassifiseer word. Dit is gegrond op die werk van Linnaeus wat voorgestel het dat elke organisme twee name kry. Vandag het alle lewende organismes twee wetenskaplike Griekse of Latynse name:

  • Die geslagsnaam (genus/genera) wat altyd met ‘n hoofletter geskryf word, bv. Panthera vir die groot katte.
  • Die spesienaam wat met ‘n kleinletter geskryf word, bv. leo vir die leeu.

Die leeu se volledige naam is dus Panthera leo terwyl die luiperd s’n Panthera pardus is. Dieselfde geld vir die ongewerwelde diere (invertebrate).

Ons gaan eers ‘n oorsig van die invertebrate doen sodat jy die groep met sy kleiner groeperings leer ken. Vir hierdie doel gaan ons na die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen die diere kyk.

Daarna gaan ons enkele voorbeelde in meer besonderhede bestudeer, sodat jy kan sien hoe die diere by die omstandighede in hul ekosisteme aangepas is.

KLASSIFISERING VAN DIE INVERTEBRATE

Hieronder word ‘n verskeidenheid invertebrate voorgestel.

Kan jy nog onthou watter kenmerk(e) vir al hierdie diere geld? ____________________________________________________________________

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Probeer hulle nou op grond van hul kenmerke in ongeveer agt groepe verdeel . In die tabel word vir elke groep een of twee kenmerke gegee wat dit vir jou makliker sal maak.

GROEP KENMERK DIERE
1 Geen kop, slegs een opening in die liggaam, met ‘arms’ rondom die mond
2 Sagte liggaam, groot spiervoet, soms arms, dikwels met ‘n skulp
3 Lang ronde liggaam wat uit ringvormige segmente bestaan, sonder pote
4 Harde of taai liggaam met ses gelede pote
5 Harde of taai liggaam met agt gelede pote
6 Harde of taai liggaam met tien gelede pote

Probeer nou die ses groepe in die tabel saamgroepeer om twee hoofgroepe te vorm :

Groep 1 bestaande uit groepe __________________________________

Groep 2 bestaande uit groepe __________________________________

Verduidelik hoekom jy hulle so gegroepeer het:

_____________________________________________________________

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Vergelyk jou indeling met die volgende diagram:

Opdrag 2:

Stel ‘n sleutel saam wat iemand wat ‘n vreemde insek gevang het, sal lei tot die antwoord dat dit ‘n insek is.

Assessering

Leeruitkomste 2: Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Assesseringstandaard 2.2: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder inligting kategoriseer: vergelyk kenmerke van verskillende kategorieë voorwerpe, organismes en gebeurtenisse.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 16, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11078/1.1
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