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Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 8

Biodiversiteit: aanpassings en oorlewing

Module 24

Fossiele

Fossiele is die oorblyfsels van dooie plante, diere, bakterieë en ander lewensvorme wat miljoene jare gelede geleef en toe versteen het.

Fossiele is dus versteende oorblyfsels van organismes, bv. tande, bene, bas of skulpe. Dit kan ook spore of afval van organismes wees.

1. Wanneer ’n dier/organismes doodgaan vergaan die sagte dele eerste. Die res word in die sand of modder bedek.

2. Oor miljoene jare vind chemiese veranderinge sowel as drukking plaas wat dit laat versteen.

3. Water wat deursyfer kan ook veranderinge teweeg bring. Die vorms word goed behou.

4. Beweging van die aardplate bring die fossiele na die oppervlak.

Aktiwiteit: om navorsing oor fossiele te doen

  • Wat is ’n paleontoloog?

OPDRAG: Teken ’n vloeidiagram om die fossielvormingsproses eenvoudig voor te stel.

Assessering van vloeidiagram:

Kon jy ’n sinvolle vloeidiagram van die fossielvormingsproses teken?

[LU 2.2]

Aanpassings – Fossiele

AKTIWITEIT:

  • Bestudeer die volgende prente van fossiele en probeer afleidings maak t.o.v. hul voeding en bewegings:

Skedel van ’n Suid-Afrikaanse dinosourus ( Mossospondvlus )

Brachiopoda skulpe in ’n 500 – 300 miljoen jaar oue strandneersaksel

Skedel van ’n Suid-Afrikaanse dinosourus ( Mossospondvlus )

’n Vlieg wat in die 90 miljoen jaar oue neerslae van die Orapa diamantkrater gevind is (Botswana)

Assessering van afleiding:

Kon jy die korrekte afleidings t.o.v. die fossielsketse maak?

[LU 2.3]

Assessering

LU 2

Wetenskaplike Kennis

Die leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is bewys as die leerder:

2.1 sinvolle inligting kan onthou;

2.2 inligting in kategorieë kan plaas;

2.3 inligting kan interpreteer;

2.4 kennis kan toepas.

Memorandum

Fossiele

Klasaktiwiteit: FOSSIELTEKENINGE

  • Kry bronne oor fossiele, paleontoloë en opgrawings
  • www.ru.ac/za/pssa/pssalaw.hrml - fossils and SA law

Aktiwiteit:

  • Wat is 'n paleontoloog?

Persoon wat fossiele bestudeer

  • Wat sê die wet?

OPDRAG:

  • Teken 'n vloeidiagram om die fossielvormingsproses eenvoudig voor te stel.

Sagte dele vergaan – drukking – water vervorm – verstening – verskuiwings

Aktiwiteit: Afleidings

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In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is anything that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.[1][2
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respiration is the process in which we breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide
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Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 12, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11049/1.1
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