# 5.2 Lab 4: lab  (Page 6/7)

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A working program can be produced by compiling the C code and linking assembly modules and the core module. The compilertranslates C code to a relocatable assembly form. The linker assigns physical addresses on the DSP to the relocatable dataand code segments, resolves .global references and links runtime libraries.

The procedure for compiling C code and linking assembly modules has been automated for you in the batch file v:\ece420\54x\dsptools\c_asm.bat . The name of the first file becomes the name of the executable. Once you havecompleted lab4main.c and c_fft_given.asm , type c_asm lab4main.c c_fft_given.asm to produce a lab4main.out file to be loaded onto the DSP. For the C FFT type c_asm lab4main.c lab4fft.c to produce lab4main.out . Load the output file onto the DSP as usual and confirm that validFFTs are calculated. Once valid output is obtained, measure how many clock cycles it takes to compute both the assembly and C FFT.

## Quiz information

From your prelab experiments, you should be able to describe the effect of windowing and zero-padding on FFT spectralanalysis. In your DSP system, experiment with differentinputs, changing $N$ and the type of window. Can you explain what happens as the input frequency is increased beyond the Nyquist rate? Does the $\left|X(k)\right|^{2}$ coincide with what you expect from Matlab? What is the relationship between the observed spectrum and the DTFT?What would happen if the FFT calculation takes longer than it takes to fill inputs with $N$ samples? How long does it take to compute each FFT? What are the tradeoffs between writing code in C versus assembly?

## Appendix a:

1 /* v:/ece420/54x/dspclib/lab4main.c */ 2 /* dgs - 9/14/2001 */ 3 /* mdk - 2/10/2004 C FFT update */ 4 5 #include "v:/ece420/54x/dspclib/core.h" 6 7 /* comment the next line to use assembly fft */ 8 #define C_FFT 9 10 #ifdef C_FFT /* Use C FFT */ 11 12 #include "window.h" 13 #include "lab4.h" /* Number of C FFT points defined here */ 14 15 /* function defined in lab4fft.c */ 16 void fft(void); 17 18 /* FFT data buffers */ 19 int real[N]; /* Real part of data */ 20 int imag[N]; /* Imaginary part of data */ 21 22 #else /* Use assembly FFT */ 23 24 #define N 1024 /* Number of assembly FFT points */ 25 26 /* Function defined by c_fft_given.asm */ 27 void bit_rev_fft(void); 28 29 /* FFT data buffers (declared in c_fft_given.asm) */ 30 extern int bit_rev_data[N*2]; /* Data input for bit-reverse function */ 31 extern int fft_data[N*2]; /* In-place FFT & Output array */ 32 extern int window[N]; /* The Hamming window */ 33 34 #endif /* C_FFT */ 35 36 37 /* Our input/output buffers */ 38 int inputs[N]; 39 int outputs[N]; 40 41 volatile int input_full = 0; /* volatile means interrupt changes it */ 42 int count = 0; 43 44 45 interrupt void irq(void) 46 { 47 int *Xmitptr,*Rcvptr; /* pointers to Xmit & Rcv Bufs */ 48 int i; 49 50 static int in_irq = 0; /* Flag to prevent reentrance */ 51 52 /* Make sure we're not in the interrupt (should never happen) */ 53 if( in_irq ) 54 return; 55 56 /* Mark we're processing, and enable interrupts */ 57 in_irq = 1; 58 enable_irq(); 59 60 /* The following waitaudio call is guaranteed not to 61 actually wait; it will simply return the pointers. */ 62 WaitAudio(&Rcvptr,&Xmitptr); 63 64 /* input_full should never be true... */ 65 if( !input_full ) 66 { 67 for (i=0; i<BlockLen; i++) 68 { 69 /* Save input, and echo to channel 1 */ 70 inputs[count] = Xmitptr[6*i] = Rcvptr[4*i]; 71 72 /* Send FFT output to channel 2 */ 73 Xmitptr[6*i+1] = outputs[count]; 74 75 count++; 76 } 77 } 78 79 /* Have we collected enough data yet? */ 80 if( count >= N ) 81 input_full = 1; 82 83 /* We're not in the interrupt anymore... */ 84 disable_irq(); 85 in_irq = 0; 86 } 87 88 89 main() 90 { 91 /* Initialize IRQ stuff */ 92 count = 0; 93 input_full = 0; 94 SetAudioInterrupt(irq); /* Set up interrupts */ 95 96 while (1) 97 { 98 while( !input_full ); /* Wait for a data buffer to collect */ 99 100 /* From here until we clear input_full can only take * 101 * BlockLen sample times, so don't do too much here. */ 102 103 /* First, transfer inputs and outputs */ 104 105 #ifdef C_FFT /* Use C FFT */ 106 /* I n s e r t c o d e t o f i l l */ 107 /* C F F T b u f f e r s */ 108 109 #else /* Use assembly FFT */ 110 /* I n s e r t c o d e t o f i l l */ 111 /* a s s e m b l y F F T b u f f e r s */ 112 113 #endif /* C_FFT */ 114 115 /* Done with that... ready for new data collection */ 116 count = 0; /* Need to reset the count */ 117 input_full = 0; /* Mark we're ready to collect more data */ 118 119 /**********************************************************/ 120 /* Now that we've gotten the data moved, we can do the */ 121 /* more lengthy processing. */ 122 123 #ifdef C_FFT /* Use C FFT */ 124 125 /* Multiply the input signal by the Hamming window. */ 126 /* . . . i n s e r t C / a s m code . . . */ 127 128 /* Bit-reverse and compute FFT in C */ 129 fft(); 130 131 /* Now, take absolute value squared of FFT */ 132 /* . . . i n s e r t C / a s m code . . . */ 133 134 /* Last, set the DC coefficient to -1 for a trigger pulse */ 135 /* . . . i n s e r t C / a s m code . . . */ 136 137 /* done, wait for next time around! */ 138 139 140 #else /* Use assembly FFT */ 141 142 /* Multiply the input signal by the Hamming window. */ 143 /* . . . i n s e r t C / a s m code . . . */ 144 145 /* Bit-reverse and compute FFT in assembly */ 146 bit_rev_fft(); 147 148 /* Now, take absolute value squared of FFT */ 149 /* . . . i n s e r t C / a s m code . . . */ 150 151 /* Last, set the DC coefficient to -1 for a trigger pulse */ 152 /* . . . i n s e r t C / a s m code . . . */ 153 154 /* done, wait for next time around! */ 155 156 157 #endif /* C_FFT */ 158 159 } 160 }

where we get a research paper on Nano chemistry....?
what are the products of Nano chemistry?
There are lots of products of nano chemistry... Like nano coatings.....carbon fiber.. And lots of others..
learn
Even nanotechnology is pretty much all about chemistry... Its the chemistry on quantum or atomic level
learn
da
no nanotechnology is also a part of physics and maths it requires angle formulas and some pressure regarding concepts
Bhagvanji
Preparation and Applications of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
revolt
da
Application of nanotechnology in medicine
what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
Nasa has use it in the 60's, copper as water purification in the moon travel.
Alexandre
nanocopper obvius
Alexandre
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
Rafiq
what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
if virus is killing to make ARTIFICIAL DNA OF GRAPHENE FOR KILLED THE VIRUS .THIS IS OUR ASSUMPTION
Anam
analytical skills graphene is prepared to kill any type viruses .
Anam
Any one who tell me about Preparation and application of Nanomaterial for drug Delivery
Hafiz
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
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