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Wiskunde

Omtrek, oppervlakte en volume

Opvoeders afdeling

Memorandum

20.3.2

a) sfeer

piramide

kubus

silinder

driehoekige

kegel

seshoekige prisma

c) b) 8; 12; 6

c) 5; 8; 5

d) 6; 10; 6

e) 12; 18; 8

f) 6; 9; 5

d) a) reghoekige prisma

b) kubus

c) piramide

d) vyfhoekige piramide

e) seshoekige prisma

Leerders afdeling

Inhoud

Aktiwiteit: drie-dimensionele voorwerpe [lu 3.1, lu 3.2]

20. Drie-dimensionele voorwerpe

20.1 Het jy geweet?

Twee-dimensionele voorwerpe het net twee dimensies, nl. lengte en breedte, wat ons in staat stel om die omtrek en oppervlakte te bereken.

Drie-dimensionele voorwerpe het drie dimensies, lengte , breedte en hoogte , wat ons in staat stel om die volume te bereken.

20.2 Het jy ook geweet?

20.3 Kom ons kyk eers na ’n paar drie-dimensionele voorwerpe:

20.3.1 Interessant om te weet!

Drie-dimensionele figure staan ook as “ruimtefigure” bekend. Sommige figure het vier of meer syvlakke (sien skets hierbo) en word “veelvlakke” of “poliëders” genoem.

Die woord “poliëder” kom van die Griekse woord “poluedron” wat “baie kante” beteken. Die eerste veelvlakke is meer as 2 000 jaar gelede deur ’n Griekse Wiskundige, Euclides, beskryf.

20.3.2 Werk met ‘n friend

a) Pas elke vorm by die korrekte beskrywing:

pyramide
seshoekige prisma
sfeer
kegel
driehoekige prisma
kubus
silinder

b) Gebruik nou die inligting hierbo en groepeer die volgende items. Verstrek redes waar­om julle die vorms so gegroepeer het wanneer julle terugvoering aan die klas gee.

c) Voltooi die volgende tabel.

Figuur Hoekpunt Rand/kant Vlak/syvlak
e.g.a) 8 12 6
b) __________ __________ __________
c) __________ __________ __________
d) __________ __________ __________
e) __________ __________ __________
f) __________ __________ __________

d) Kan jy al die figure hierbo benoem?

a) _______________________________________________________________

b) _______________________________________________________________

c) _______________________________________________________________

d) _______________________________________________________________

e) _______________________________________________________________

f) _______________________________________________________________

21. Kom ons bekyk drie-dimensionele voorwerpe van naderby!

21.1.1 Het jy geweet?

’n Kubus is ’n vierkantige vorm. Al sy kante is dus ewe lank.

21.1.2 Kyk na hierdie kubus.

Kan jy dieselfde kubus vanuit ’n ander hoek teken?

Assessering

Leeruitkomste 3: Die leerder is in staat om eienskappe van en verwantskappe tussen twee-dimensionele vorms en drie-dimensionele voorwerpe in ‘n verskeidenheid oriëntasies en posisies te beskryf en voor te stel.

Assesseringstandaard 3.1: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder meetkundige figure en drie-dimensionele voorwerpe in natuurlike en kulturele vorms en ‘n meetkundige agtergrond herken, visualiseer en benoem, insluitend dié wat vroeër behandel is;

Assesseringstandaard 3.2: Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder meetkundige figure en driedimensionele voorwerpe volgens eienskappe in kontekste beskryf en klassifiseer, insluitend dié wat gebruik kan word om ‘n bewustheid van sosiale, kulturele en omgewingsake te bevorder.

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Oct 21, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11076/1.2
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