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Aardrykskunde

Graad 5

Klimaat- en plantegroeistreke van suid-afrika

Module 12

Die klimaat van suid-afrika: temperatuur

1. Die bou van Suid-Afrika

  • Omdat die reliëf van ‘n land ‘n groot invloed uitoefen op die klimaat van daardie land, is dit nodig om weer kortliks hierna te verwys. Vir meer inligting kan julle teruggaan na die module oor Suid-Afrika se fisiese struktuur.
  • As enige natuurkundige kaart in ‘n atlas bestudeer word, sal dit duidelik word dat ons land op verskillende hoogtes bo seevlak lê. ‘n Dwarsprofiel van die RSA se bou lyk na iets soos ‘n omgekeerde piering.

‘n Dwarsprofiel van die RSA

  • Die grootste gedeelte van Suid-Afrika lê dus hoog bo seespieël. Aan die Ooskus vloei daar ‘n warm seestroom, terwyl daar aan die Weskus ‘n koue seestroom is. Die hoë berge langs die kus sluit die binnelandse plato af. Hierdie faktore het almal ‘n groot uitwerking op die land se klimaat.

2. Faktore wat Suid-Afrika se klimaat beïnvloed

T emperatuur

Suid-Afrika toon tipiese temperatuurpatrone in die verskillende seisoene. So beplan min mense ‘n seevakansie aan die weskus gedurende die winter, terwyl Durban weer regte vakansietemperature gedurende die winter ondervind.

Wintertemperature

Somertemperature

Die temperatuur van Suid-Afrika word deur die volgende faktore beïnvloed:

Breedtegraadligging

Hoe verder ‘n streek van die ewenaar (0°B) geleë is, hoe kouer is dit daar. Plekke wat in die trope (rondom ewenaar) geleë is, ondervind dus warmer temperature as plekke by die pole.

Hoogte bo seevlak

Hoe hoër jy bo seevlak gaan, hoe kouer word dit. Die temperatuur daal dus met ‘n toename in hoogte. Omdat die RSA se binnelandse plato hoog bo seevlak geleë is, sal dit dus daar kouer wees as in die dele wat langs laer kusgebiede geleë is. Ryp kom dus algemeen op die binnelandse plato voor en sneeu op die hoë berge.

Seestrome

Die warm Mosambiekseestroom vloei suidweswaarts langs die RSA se ooskus en die koue Benguelastroom noordwaarts lang die weskus. Lug bokant ‘n koue seestroom is ook koud en die kanse op reënval is min. Bokant ‘n warm seestroom is die lug warm; dit styg, kondenseer en wolke en reën kom dan voor.

Afstand vanaf die see

Die see het ‘n matigende invloed op die klimaat van ‘n plek. Dit beteken dat streke wat naby die see geleë is, nie te warm in die somer en nie te koud gedurende die winter is nie. Daar is dus ‘n klein temperatuurspeling (verskil tussen die hoogste en laagste temperatuur). Die rede hiervoor is dat watermassas nie so vinnig deur insolasie verhit word soos die grondoppervlakte nie. As water egter eers hitte opgeneem het, behou dit sy hitte langer as die grondoppervlaktes. In die dag is uitstraling (radiasie) van hitte vanaf die grond dus hoog, maar laag gedurende die nag. Hoë dagtemperature en lae nagtemperature ontstaan sodoende. Gebruik nou hierdie inligting om die volgende aktiwiteite uit te voer.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om die lyngrafieke en statistieke te bestudeer

[lu 1.1; 1.7]

Bestudeer die lyngrafieke en statistiek en beantwoord die vrae.

Verduidelik waarom Kimberley se maksimum en minimum temperature baie meer verskil as dié van Port Nolloth en Durban.

Waarom is Durban se temperatuur hoër as dié van Port Nolloth? Gebruik jou atlas om die plekke te vind, indien jy twyfel.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om 'n lyngrafiek van temperatuursyfers te teken

[lu 1.7]

Bestudeer die volgende temperatuursyfers van Bloemfontein en Kaapstad. Soek die ligging van die dorpe in ‘n atlas op as jy nie weet waar hulle geleë is nie. Onthou om byskrifte en opskrifte te gee.

Maande Jan Feb Mrt Apr Mei Jun Jul Aug Sept Okt Nov Des
Bloemfontein24°S; 1 400 mbo seespieël 23 22 20 16 11 9 8 11 15 18 20 22
Kaapstad34°S; seevlak 22 22 20 18 15 14 13 14 15 17 19 20

Dui vir elke plek in die boonste tabel op die volgende aan:

  • die hoogste maandelikse temperatuur;
  • die laagste maandelikse temperatuur;
  • die temperatuurspeling (verskil tussen hoogste en laagste temperatuur);
  • die gemiddelde temperatuur.

Verduidelik die verskil in temperatuur van die volgende plekke deur na die faktore te verwys wat die klimaat van Suid-Afrika beïnvloed.

  • Port Nolloth en Bloemfontein;
  • Bloemfontein en Kaapstad.

Assessering

LU 1

AARDRYKSKUNDIGE ONDERSOEK

Die leerder is in staat om ondersoekvaardighede te gebruik om aardrykskundige en omgewingsbegrippe en -prosesse te ondersoek.

Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:

  • bronne met nuttige aardrykskundige inligting kan kies en gebruik;

1.2 tussen feite en menings onderskei [werk met bronne];

  • inligting kategoriseer;
  • sketskaarte en/of planne na aanleiding van veldwaarnemings en afmetings teken [werk met bronne];
  • deur projekte, bespreking, debat en diagramme, kennis en begrip van die vraagstuk toon [dra die antwoord oor].

Memorandum

AKTIWITEIT 1

  • Binneland – ver van gematigde invloed van see
  • Op plato – lae wintertemperatuur
  • Warm seestroom

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Sosiale wetenskappe: aardrykskunde graad 5. OpenStax CNX. Sep 22, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col10985/1.2
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