Siyavula textbooks: grade 10 physical science [caps]

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0.1 Introduction

0.2 Unit systems

0.4 The other systems of units

0.5 C.g.s. units

0.6 Imperial units

0.7 Natural units

0.8 Writing units as words or symbols

0.9 Naming of units

0.10 Combinations of si base units

0.11 Rounding, scientific notation and significant figures

0.12 Rounding off

0.13 Error margins

0.14 Scientific notation

0.15 Significant figures

0.16 Using significant figures

0.17 Prefixes of base units

0.18 Using scientific notation

0.19 The importance of units

0.20 Investigation : importance of units

0.21 Case study : the importance of units

0.22 How to change units

0.23 Two other useful conversions

0.24 A sanity test

0.25 The scale of the matter... :

0.27 End of chapter exercises

1 Transverse waves

1.1 Introduction

1.2 What is a transverse wave ?

1.3 Investigation : transverse waves

1.4 Peaks and troughs

1.5 Amplitude and wavelength

1.6 Investigation : amplitude

1.7 Investigation : wavelength

1.8 Points in phase

1.9 Investigation : points in phase

1.10 Period and frequency

1.11 Speed of a transverse wave

2 The particles that substances are made of

4 The hydrosphere

5 Safety in the laboratory

5.1 Introduction

5.2 General safety rules

5.3 Hazard signs

5.4 Notes and information

Classification of matter

Mixtures, compounds and elements

0.1 Introduction

0.3 Heterogeneous mixtures

0.4 Homogeneous mixtures

0.6 Pure substances: elements and compounds

0.9 Elements, mixtures and compounds

0.10 Giving names and formulae to substances

0.11 Naming compounds

0.12 Metals, metalloids and non-metals

0.14 Group work : looking at metals

0.15 Non-metals

0.16 Metalloids

1.1 Electrical conductors, semi-conductors and insulators

1.2 Experiment : electrical conductivity

1.3 Thermal conductors and insulators

1.4 Demonstration : thermal conductivity

1.5 Investigation : a closer look at thermal conductivity

1.6 Magnetic and non-magnetic materials

1.7 Investigation : magnetism

1.8 Group discussion : properties of materials

States of matter and the kinetic molecular theory

States of matter

1 Properties of matter

2 The kinetic molecular theory

Introduction and models

1.1 Structure of the atom

1.2 The electron

1.3 The nucleus

1.5 The neutron

1.6 Atomic number and atomic mass number

1.7 The structure of the atom

2.2 What is an isotope?

2.5 Relative atomic mass

3 Electronic structure

3.1 Electron configuration

3.2 The energy of electrons

3.3 Electron configuration

3.4 Hund's rule and pauli's principle

3.5 Core and valence electrons

3.6 The importance of understanding electron configuration

3.7 Experiment: flame tests

3.8 Energy diagrams and electrons

3.9 Group work : building a model of an atom

3.11 End of chapter exercises

The periodic table

Groups and periods

0.1 The arrangement of atoms in the periodic table

0.2 Activity: inventing the periodic table

0.3 Groups in the periodic table

0.4 Periods in the periodic table

0.5 Exercise: elements in the periodic table

1 Ionisation energy and trends

Chemical bonding

Covalent bonding

1 Lewis structures

2 Ionic bonding

2.1 Ionic bonding

2.2 The nature of the ionic bond

2.3 Ionic compounds

2.4 The crystal lattice structure of ionic compounds

2.5 Properties of ionic compounds

3 Metallic bonding

4 Writing formulae

4.1 Writing chemical formulae

4.2 The formulae of covalent compounds

4.3 The formulae of ionic compounds

4.4 Chemical formulae

4.5 Chemical compounds: names and masses

4.7 End of chapter exercises

Transverse pulses

Introduction and key concepts

1 Superposition of pulses

Longitudinal waves

Introduction and key concepts

0.1 Introduction

0.2 What is a longitudinal wave ?

0.3 Investigation : investigating longitudinal waves

0.4 Characteristics of longitudinal waves

0.5 Compression and rarefaction

0.6 Wavelength and amplitude

0.7 Period and frequency

0.8 Speed of a longitudinal wave

1 Sound waves, seismic waves and graphs of motion

Introduction and key concepts

0.1 Introduction

0.2 Characteristics of a sound wave

0.4 Investigation : range of wavelengths

0.7 Speed of sound

0.8 Sound frequency and amplitude

1.1 Physics of the ear and hearing [for interest only]

1.4 Echolocation

1.5 Intensity of sound (not included in caps - advanced)

1.7 Discussion : importance of safety equipment

Electromagnetic radiation

Wave and particle nature

1 Electromagnetic spectrum

2 Penetrating ability

Physical and chemical change

0.1 Physical and chemical change

0.2 Physical changes in matter

0.3 Chemical changes in matter

0.4 Decomposition reactions

0.5 Experiment : the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

0.6 Synthesis reactions

0.7 Experiment: chemical reactions involving iron and sulphur

0.8 Investigation : physical or chemical change?

1 Conservation of matter

1.1 Energy changes in chemical reactions

1.2 Conservation of atoms and mass in reactions

1.3 Activity : the conservation of atoms in chemical reactions

1.4 Experiment: conservation of matter

1.5 Law of constant composition

1.6 Volume relationships in gases

1.8 End of chapter exercises

Representing chemical change

1 Balancing chemical equations

2 State symbols

Introduction and key concepts

1 Conductors and insulators

Electric circuits

Introduction and key concepts

0.1 Electric circuits

0.2 Discussion : uses of electricity

0.3 Closed circuits

0.4 Experiment : closed circuits

0.5 Representing electric circuits

0.6 Components of electrical circuits

0.7 Circuit diagrams

0.8 Series and parallel circuits

0.10 Discussion : alternative energy

1 Potential difference

2 Current and measurement

2.2 Flow of charge

2.4 Exercises: current

2.5 Measuring voltage and current in circuits

2.8 Impact of meters on circuits

2.9 Investigation : using meters

3.2 What causes resistance?

3.3 Why do batteries go flat?

3.4 Resistors in electric circuits

3.5 Resistors in series

3.6 Equivalent series resistance

3.7 Experiment : current in series circuits

3.8 Resistors in parallel

3.9 Equivalent parallel resistance

3.10 Experiment : current in parallel circuits

3.11 Resistance

3.12 Exercises - electric circuits

Reactions in aqueous solution

Introduction and concepts

1 Types of reactions

1.1 Types of reactions

1.2 Precipitation reactions

1.3 Demonstration : the reaction of ions in solution

1.4 Testing for common anions in solution

1.5 Test for a chloride

1.6 Test for a sulphate

1.7 Test for a carbonate

1.8 Test for bromides and iodides

1.9 Precipitation reactions and ions in solution

1.10 Other reactions in aqueous solutions

1.11 Acid-base reactions

1.12 Redox reactions

1.13 Demonstration: oxidation of sodium metal

1.14 Experiment: reaction types

1.16 End of chapter exercises

Quantitative aspects of chemical change

Moles and molar mass

1 Stoichiometry and composition

1.1 The composition of substances

1.2 Moles and empirical formulae

1.3 Molar volumes of gases

1.4 Molar concentrations of liquids

1.5 Molarity and the concentration of solutions

1.6 Stoichiometric calculations

1.7 Stoichiometry

1.9 End of chapter exercises

Vectors and scalars

Introduction and key concepts

1 Mathematical properties

2 Techniques of vector addition

3 Adding and subtracting vectors

3.1 Algebraic addition and subtraction of vectors

3.2 Vectors in a straight line

3.3 Resultant vectors

3.4 A more general algebraic technique

3.5 More resultant vectors

Motion in one dimension

1 Displacement and distance

2 Speed and velocity

4 Description of motion

4.1 Description of motion

4.2 Stationary object

4.3 Motion at constant velocity

4.4 Velocity and acceleration

4.5 Experiment : motion at constant velocity

4.6 Motion at constant acceleration

4.7 Velocity from acceleration vs. time graphs

4.8 Summary of graphs

4.9 Experiment: position versus time using a ticker timer

4.10 Worked examples

5 Equations of motion

Mechanical energy

Potential energy

0.1 Introduction

0.2 Potential energy

0.3 Gravitational potential energy

1 Kinetic energy

2 Conservation of energy

2.1 Mechanical energy

2.2 Conservation of mechanical energy

2.3 Using the law of conservation of energy

2.4 Potential energy

2.6 End of chapter exercises: gravity and mechanical energy

Source: OpenStax, Siyavula textbooks: grade 10 physical science [caps]. OpenStax CNX. Sep 30, 2011 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11305/1.7

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