# 0.11 Formation constants for complex ions

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Formation Constants for Complex Ions
Equilibrium K f
${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{F}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{AlF}}_{6}\right]}^{\text{3−}}$ 7 $×$ 10 19
${\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{\text{2}\text{+}}$ 1.3 $×$ 10 7
${\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cd}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 3 $×$ 10 18
${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}$ 1.3 $×$ 10 5
${\text{Co}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3+}$ 2.3 $×$ 10 33
${\text{Cu}}^{+}+2\text{CN}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}$ 1.0 $×$ 10 16
${\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cu}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2+}$ 1.7 $×$ 10 13
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{4-}$ 1.5 $×$ 10 35
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}$ 2 $×$ 10 43
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}$ 3.2 $×$ 10 3
${\text{Hg}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{HgCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 1.1 $×$ 10 16
${\text{Ni}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ni}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}$ 2.0 $×$ 10 8
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{AgCl}}_{2}\right]}^{-}$ 1.8 $×$ 10 5
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}$ 1 $×$ 10 21
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ag}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{+}$ 1.7 $×$ 10 7
${\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 2.1 $×$ 10 19
${\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{OH}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 2 $×$ 10 15
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}\left(\text{SCN}\right)\right]}^{2+}$ 8.9 $×$ 10 2
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+4{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{3-}$ 1.2 $×$ 10 10
${\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{I}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{PbI}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 3.0 $×$ 10 4
${\text{Pt}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 1 $×$ 10 16
${\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4\text{CN}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 1.0 $×$ 10 25
${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ $×$  10 3

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