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| 1. | abducens nerve | sixth cranial nerve; responsible for contraction of one of the extraocular muscles |
| 2. | alar plate | developmental region of the spinal cord that gives rise to the posterior horn of the gray matter |
| 3. | amygdala | nucleus deep in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum that is related to memory and emotional behavior |
| 4. | anterior column | white matter between the anterior horns of the spinal cord composed of many different groups of axons of both ascending and descending tracts |
| 5. | anterior horn | gray matter of the spinal cord containing multipolar motor neurons, sometimes referred to as the ventral horn |
| 6. | anterior median fissure | deep midline feature of the anterior spinal cord, marking the separation between the right and left sides of the cord |
| 7. | anterior spinal artery | blood vessel from the merged branches of the vertebral arteries that runs along the anterior surface of the spinal cord |
| 8. | arachnoid granulation | outpocket of the arachnoid membrane into the dural sinuses that allows for reabsorption of CSF into the blood |
| 9. | arachnoid mater | middle layer of the meninges named for the spider-weblike trabeculae that extend between it and the pia mater |
| 10. | arachnoid trabeculae | filaments between the arachnoid and pia mater within the subarachnoid space |
| 11. | ascending tract | central nervous system fibers carrying sensory information from the spinal cord or periphery to the brain |
| 12. | axillary nerve | systemic nerve of the arm that arises from the brachial plexus |
| 13. | Broca's area | region of the frontal lobe associated with the motor commands necessary for speech production and located only in the cerebral hemisphere responsible for language production, which is the left side in approximately 95 percent of the population |
| 14. | Brodmann's areas | mapping of regions of the cerebral cortex based on microscopic anatomy that relates specific areas to functional differences, as described by Brodmann in the early 1900s |
| 15. | basal forebrain | nuclei of the cerebrum related to modulation of sensory stimuli and attention through broad projections to the cerebral cortex, loss of which is related to Alzheimer's disease |
| 16. | basal nuclei | nuclei of the cerebrum (with a few components in the upper brain stem and diencephalon) that are responsible for assessing cortical movement commands and comparing them with the general state of the individual through broad modulatory activity of dopamine neurons; largely related to motor functions, as evidenced through the symptoms of Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases |
| 17. | basal plate | developmental region of the spinal cord that gives rise to the lateral and anterior horns of gray matter |
| 18. | basilar artery | blood vessel from the merged vertebral arteries that runs along the dorsal surface of the brain stem |
| 19. | brachial plexus | nerve plexus associated with the lower cervical spinal nerves and first thoracic spinal nerve |
| 20. | brain stem | region of the adult brain that includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and develops from the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon of the embryonic brain |
| 21. | carotid canal | opening in the temporal bone through which the internal carotid artery enters the cranium |
| 22. | cauda equina | bundle of spinal nerve roots that descend from the lower spinal cord below the first lumbar vertebra and lie within the vertebral cavity; has the appearance of a horse's tail |
| 23. | caudate | nucleus deep in the cerebrum that is part of the basal nuclei; along with the putamen, it is part of the striatum |
| 24. | central canal | hollow space within the spinal cord that is the remnant of the center of the neural tube |
| 25. | central sulcus | surface landmark of the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes |
| 26. | cephalic flexure | curve in midbrain of the embryo that positions the forebrain ventrally |
| 27. | cerebellum | region of the adult brain connected primarily to the pons that developed from the metencephalon (along with the pons) and is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord |
| 28. | cerebral aqueduct | connection of the ventricular system between the third and fourth ventricles located in the midbrain |
| 29. | cerebral cortex | outer gray matter covering the forebrain, marked by wrinkles and folds known as gyri and sulci |
| 30. | cerebral hemisphere | one half of the bilaterally symmetrical cerebrum |
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