Card Set: Anatomy & Physiology: Metabolism and Nutrition

A&P Key Terms 24 Metabolism & Nutrition

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1. ATP synthase protein pore complex that creates ATP
2. absorptive state also called the fed state; the metabolic state occurring during the first few hours after ingesting food in which the body is digesting food and absorbing the nutrients
3. acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) starting molecule of the Krebs cycle
4. anabolic hormones hormones that stimulate the synthesis of new, larger molecules
5. anabolic reactions reactions that build smaller molecules into larger molecules
6. basal metabolic rate (BMR) amount of energy expended by the body at rest
7. beta (ß)-hydroxybutyrate primary ketone body produced in the body
8. beta (ß)-oxidation fatty acid oxidation
9. bile salts salts that are released from the liver in response to lipid ingestion and surround the insoluble triglycerides to aid in their conversion to monoglycerides and free fatty acids
10. biosynthesis reactions reactions that create new molecules, also called anabolic reactions
11. body mass index (BMI) relative amount of body weight compared to the overall height; a BMI ranging from 18-24.9 is considered normal weight, 25-29.9 is considered overweight, and greater than 30 is considered obese
12. calorie amount of heat required raise 1 g of water by 1 C
13. catabolic hormones hormones that stimulate the breakdown of larger molecules
14. catabolic reactions reactions that break down larger molecules into their constituent parts
15. cellular respiration production of ATP from glucose oxidation via glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
16. cholecystokinin (CCK) hormone that stimulates the release of pancreatic lipase and the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile salts
17. chylomicrons vesicles containing cholesterol and triglycerides that transport lipids out of the intestinal cells and into the lymphatic and circulatory systems
18. chymotrypsin pancreatic enzyme that digests protein
19. chymotrypsinogen proenzyme that is activated by trypsin into chymotrypsin
20. citric acid cycle also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle; converts pyruvate into CO2 and high-energy FADH2, NADH, and ATP molecules
21. conduction transfer of heat through physical contact
22. convection transfer of heat between the skin and air or water
23. elastase pancreatic enzyme that digests protein
24. electron transport chain (ETC) ATP production pathway in which electrons are passed through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that forms water and produces a proton gradient
25. energy-consuming phase first phase of glycolysis, in which two molecules of ATP are necessary to start the reaction
26. energy-yielding phase second phase of glycolysis, during which energy is produced
27. enterokinase enzyme located in the wall of the small intestine that activates trypsin
28. evaporation transfer of heat that occurs when water changes from a liquid to a gas
29. FADH2 high-energy molecule needed for glycolysis
30. fatty acid oxidation breakdown of fatty acids into smaller chain fatty acids and acetyl CoA
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