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| 91. | promoter | region of DNA that signals transcription to begin at that site within the gene |
| 92. | prophase | first stage of mitosis (and meiosis), characterized by breakdown of the nuclear envelope and condensing of the chromatin to form chromosomes |
| 93. | proteome | full complement of proteins produced by a cell (determined by the cell's specific gene expression) |
| 94. | RNA polymerase | enzyme that unwinds DNA and then adds new nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA for the transcription phase of protein synthesis |
| 95. | reactive oxygen species (ROS) | a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage |
| 96. | receptor-mediated endocytosis | endocytosis of ligands attached to membrane-bound receptors |
| 97. | receptor | protein molecule that contains a binding site for another specific molecule (called a ligand) |
| 98. | ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | RNA that makes up the subunits of a ribosome |
| 99. | ribosome | cellular organelle that functions in protein synthesis |
| 100. | S phase | stage of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs |
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