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| 1. | antidiuretic hormone | (ADH) also known as vasopressin, a hormone that increases the volume of water reabsorbed from the collecting tubules of the kidney |
| 2. | dehydration | state of containing insufficient water in blood and other tissues |
| 3. | dihydroxyvitamin | D active form of vitamin D required by the intestinal epithelial cells for the absorption of calcium |
| 4. | diuresis | excess production of urine |
| 5. | extracellular fluid | (ECF) fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluids found in other reservoirs in the body |
| 6. | fluid compartment | fluid inside all cells of the body constitutes a compartment system that is largely segregated from other systems |
| 7. | hydrostatic pressure | pressure exerted by a fluid against a wall, caused by its own weight or pumping force |
| 8. | hypercalcemia | abnormally increased blood levels of calcium |
| 9. | hypercapnia | abnormally elevated blood levels of CO2 |
| 10. | hyperchloremia | higher-than-normal blood chloride levels |
| 11. | hyperkalemia | higher-than-normal blood potassium levels |
| 12. | hypernatremia | abnormal increase in blood sodium levels |
| 13. | hyperphosphatemia | abnormally increased blood phosphate levels |
| 14. | hypocalcemia | abnormally low blood levels of calcium |
| 15. | hypocapnia | abnormally low blood levels of CO2 |
| 16. | hypochloremia | lower-than-normal blood chloride levels |
| 17. | hypokalemia | abnormally decreased blood levels of potassium |
| 18. | hyponatremia | lower-than-normal levels of sodium in the blood |
| 19. | hypophosphatemia | abnormally low blood phosphate levels |
| 20. | interstitial fluid | (IF) fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels |
| 21. | intracellular fluid | (ICF) fluid in the cytosol of cells |
| 22. | metabolic acidosis | condition wherein a deficiency of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly acidic |
| 23. | metabolic alkalosis | condition wherein an excess of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly alkaline |
| 24. | plasma osmolality | ratio of solutes to a volume of solvent in the plasma; plasma osmolality reflects a person's state of hydration |
| 25. | respiratory acidosis | condition wherein an excess of carbonic acid or CO2 causes the blood to be overly acidic |
| 26. | respiratory alkalosis | condition wherein a deficiency of carbonic acid/CO2 levels causes the blood to be overly alkaline |
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