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Use the values in the right column of the table in the preceding exercise to guess the value of the slope of the line tangent to f at x = 1 .

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Use the value in the preceding exercise to find the equation of the tangent line at point P . Graph f ( x ) and the tangent line.

y = 2 x

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For the following exercises, points P ( 1 , 1 ) and Q ( x , y ) are on the graph of the function f ( x ) = x 3 .

[T] Complete the following table with the appropriate values: y -coordinate of Q , the point Q ( x , y ) , and the slope of the secant line passing through points P and Q . Round your answer to eight significant digits.

x y Q ( x , y ) m sec
1.1 a. e. i.
1.01 b. f. j.
1.001 c. g. k.
1.0001 d. h. l.
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Use the values in the right column of the table in the preceding exercise to guess the value of the slope of the tangent line to f at x = 1 .

3

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Use the value in the preceding exercise to find the equation of the tangent line at point P . Graph f ( x ) and the tangent line.

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For the following exercises, points P ( 4 , 2 ) and Q ( x , y ) are on the graph of the function f ( x ) = x .

[T] Complete the following table with the appropriate values: y -coordinate of Q , the point Q ( x , y ) , and the slope of the secant line passing through points P and Q . Round your answer to eight significant digits.

x y Q ( x , y ) m sec
4.1 a. e. i.
4.01 b. f. j.
4.001 c. g. k.
4.0001 d. h. l.

a. 2.0248457; b. 2.0024984; c. 2.0002500; d. 2.0000250; e. (4.1000000,2.0248457); f. (4.0100000,2.0024984); g. (4.0010000,2.0002500); h. (4.00010000,2.0000250); i. 0.24845673; j. 0.24984395; k. 0.24998438; l. 0.24999844

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Use the values in the right column of the table in the preceding exercise to guess the value of the slope of the tangent line to f at x = 4 .

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Use the value in the preceding exercise to find the equation of the tangent line at point P .

y = x 4 + 1

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For the following exercises, points P ( 1.5 , 0 ) and Q ( ϕ , y ) are on the graph of the function f ( ϕ ) = cos ( π ϕ ) .

[T] Complete the following table with the appropriate values: y -coordinate of Q , the point Q ( x , y ) , and the slope of the secant line passing through points P and Q . Round your answer to eight significant digits.

x y Q ( ϕ , y ) m sec
1.4 a. e. i.
1.49 b. f. j.
1.499 c. g. k.
1.4999 d. h. l.
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Use the values in the right column of the table in the preceding exercise to guess the value of the slope of the tangent line to f at x = 4 .

π

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Use the value in the preceding exercise to find the equation of the tangent line at point P .

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For the following exercises, points P ( −1 , −1 ) and Q ( x , y ) are on the graph of the function f ( x ) = 1 x .

[T] Complete the following table with the appropriate values: y -coordinate of Q , the point Q ( x , y ) , and the slope of the secant line passing through points P and Q . Round your answer to eight significant digits.

x y Q ( x , y ) m sec
−1.05 a. e. i.
−1.01 b. f. j.
−1.005 c. g. k.
−1.001 d. h. l.

a. −0.95238095; b. −0.99009901; c. −0.99502488; d. −0.99900100; e. (−1;.0500000,−0;.95238095); f. (−1;.0100000,−0;.9909901); g. (−1;.0050000,−0;.99502488); h. (1.0010000,−0;.99900100); i. −0.95238095; j. −0.99009901; k. −0.99502488; l. −0.99900100

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Use the values in the right column of the table in the preceding exercise to guess the value of the slope of the line tangent to f at x = −1 .

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Use the value in the preceding exercise to find the equation of the tangent line at point P .

y = x 2

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For the following exercises, the position function of a ball dropped from the top of a 200-meter tall building is given by s ( t ) = 200 4.9 t 2 , where position s is measured in meters and time t is measured in seconds. Round your answer to eight significant digits.

[T] Compute the average velocity of the ball over the given time intervals.

  1. [ 4.99 , 5 ]
  2. [ 5 , 5.01 ]
  3. [ 4.999 , 5 ]
  4. [ 5 , 5.001 ]
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Use the preceding exercise to guess the instantaneous velocity of the ball at t = 5 sec.

−49 m/sec (velocity of the ball is 49 m/sec downward)

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For the following exercises, consider a stone tossed into the air from ground level with an initial velocity of 15 m/sec. Its height in meters at time t seconds is h ( t ) = 15 t 4.9 t 2 .

[T] Compute the average velocity of the stone over the given time intervals.

  1. [ 1 , 1.05 ]
  2. [ 1 , 1.01 ]
  3. [ 1 , 1.005 ]
  4. [ 1 , 1.001 ]
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Use the preceding exercise to guess the instantaneous velocity of the stone at t = 1 sec.

5.2 m/sec

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For the following exercises, consider a rocket shot into the air that then returns to Earth. The height of the rocket in meters is given by h ( t ) = 600 + 78.4 t 4.9 t 2 , where t is measured in seconds.

[T] Compute the average velocity of the rocket over the given time intervals.

  1. [ 9 , 9.01 ]
  2. [ 8.99 , 9 ]
  3. [ 9 , 9.001 ]
  4. [ 8.999 , 9 ]
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Use the preceding exercise to guess the instantaneous velocity of the rocket at t = 9 sec.

−9.8 m/sec

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For the following exercises, consider an athlete running a 40-m dash. The position of the athlete is given by d ( t ) = t 3 6 + 4 t , where d is the position in meters and t is the time elapsed, measured in seconds.

[T] Compute the average velocity of the runner over the given time intervals.

  1. [ 1.95 , 2.05 ]
  2. [ 1.995 , 2.005 ]
  3. [ 1.9995 , 2.0005 ]
  4. [ 2 , 2.00001 ]
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Use the preceding exercise to guess the instantaneous velocity of the runner at t = 2 sec.

6 m/sec

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For the following exercises, consider the function f ( x ) = | x | .

Sketch the graph of f over the interval [ −1 , 2 ] and shade the region above the x -axis.

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Use the preceding exercise to find the exact value of the area between the x -axis and the graph of f over the interval [ −1 , 2 ] using rectangles. For the rectangles, use the square units, and approximate both above and below the lines. Use geometry to find the exact answer.

Under, 1 unit 2 ; over: 4 unit 2 . The exact area of the two triangles is 1 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) + 1 2 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) = 2.5 units 2 .

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For the following exercises, consider the function f ( x ) = 1 x 2 . ( Hint : This is the upper half of a circle of radius 1 positioned at ( 0 , 0 ) .)

Sketch the graph of f over the interval [ −1 , 1 ] .

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Use the preceding exercise to find the exact area between the x -axis and the graph of f over the interval [ −1 , 1 ] using rectangles. For the rectangles, use squares 0.4 by 0.4 units, and approximate both above and below the lines. Use geometry to find the exact answer.

Under, 0.96 unit 2 ; over, 1.92 unit 2 . The exact area of the semicircle with radius 1 is π ( 1 ) 2 2 = π 2 unit 2 .

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For the following exercises, consider the function f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 .

Sketch the graph of f over the interval [ −1 , 1 ] .

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Approximate the area of the region between the x -axis and the graph of f over the interval [ −1 , 1 ] .

Approximately 1.3333333 unit 2

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Practice Key Terms 8

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Source:  OpenStax, Calculus volume 1. OpenStax CNX. Feb 05, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11964/1.2
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