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Dravida Mahadeo-J... |
1.1 The study of life Read Online
Viewed from space, Earth offers no clues about the diversity of life forms that reside there. The first forms of life on Earth are thought to have been microorganisms that existed for billions of years in the ocean before plants and animals appeared. The mammals, birds, and flowers so familiar to us are all relatively recent, originating 130 to 200 million years ago. Humans have inhabited this planet for only the last 2.5 million years, and only in the last 200,000 years have humans started looking like we do today.
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Dravida Mahadeo-J... |
Question: Which of the following is NOT true?
Choices:
In the absence of neural input, the heart beats automatically at a rate set by its "Pace Maker"
The heart receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
Norepinephrine increases heart rate
Acetylcholine will slow heart rate
None of the above (all statements are true)
Question: When the left ventricle is over-stretched with blood, it responds by contracting with greater force (the Frank-Starling Law). Which of the following is responsible for this phenomenon?
Choices:
Chemoreceptors in the pulmonary trunk
Baroreceptors in the aorta and carotids
stretch receptors in the left ventricle
sympathetic nerves connecting to the heart
None of the above
Question: Cardiac Output is equal to cariac rate multiplied by
Choices:
end diastolic volume
total peripheral resistance
stroke volume
systolic pressure
preload
Question: Which of the following in NOT true?
Choices:
the systolic pressure occurs when the left ventricle is fully contracted
blood pressure is recorded in mm Hg
the minimal blood pressure is the diastolic pressure
blood pressure is taken by auscultating the brachial artery
none of the above (all statements are true)
Question: Which of the following refers to the outer layer of a blood vessel (such as a vein)?
Choices:
tunica superficialis
tunica parsalis
tunica adventitia
tunica decidua
vasa recta
Question: Which of the following would cause blood pressure to drop?
Choices:
increase blood viscosity
increase peripheral resistance
increase blood volume
increase cardiac output
none of the above
Question: At any given moment, where is most of the blood located in the circulatory system?
Choices:
in the heart
in the veins
in the capillaries
in the arteries
in arterioles and venules
Question: End Diastolic Volume (EDV) and contractility both affect:
Choices:
Stroke volume
cardiac rate
preload
all of the above
none of the above
Question: When the cuff pressure of the sphygmomanometer equals the diastolic pressure, what will be heard through the stethoscope?
Choices:
Nothin
Decreased Heart Rate (Bradycardia)
The Sounds of Korotkoff
Cardiac Echo
Cardiac Tamponade
Question: How many tunics does a vein have?
Choices:
two
four
six
eight
as many as an artery
Question: What is the formula for pulse pressure?
Choices:
Systolic Pressure + Diastolic Pressure
Systolic Pressure x Diastolic Pressure
Systolic Pressure - Diastolic Pressure
systolic pressure / diastolic pressure
Diastolic pressure x (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)
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