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0.11 The chemical elements

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The Chemical Elements
Element Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Where mean atomic weights have not been well determined, the atomic mass numbers of the most stable isotopes are given in parentheses. Percentage of Naturally Occurring Elements in the Universe
Hydrogen H 1 1.008 75
Helium He 2 4.003 23
Lithium Li 3 6.94 6 × 10 −7
Beryllium Be 4 9.012 1 × 10 −7
Boron B 5 10.821 1 × 10 −7
Carbon C 6 12.011 0.5
Nitrogen N 7 14.007 0.1
Oxygen O 8 15.999 1
Fluorine F 9 18.998 4 × 10 −5
Neon Ne 10 20.180 0.13
Sodium Na 11 22.990 0.002
Magnesium Mg 12 24.305 0.06
Aluminum Al 13 26.982 0.005
Silicon Si 14 28.085 0.07
Phosphorus P 15 30.974 7 × 10 −4
Sulfur S 16 32.06 0.05
Chlorine Cl 17 35.45 1 × 10 −4
Argon Ar 18 39.948 0.02
Potassium K 19 39.098 3 × 10 −4
Calcium Ca 20 40.078 0.007
Scandium Sc 21 44.956 3 × 10 −6
Titanium Ti 22 47.867 3 × 10 −4
Vanadium V 23 50.942 3 × 10 −4
Chromium Cr 24 51.996 0.0015
Manganese Mn 25 54.938 8 × 10 −4
Iron Fe 26 55.845 0.11
Cobalt Co 27 58.933 3 × 10 −4
Nickel Ni 28 58.693 0.006
Copper Cu 29 63.546 6 × 10 −6
Zinc Zn 30 65.38 3 × 10 −5
Gallium Ga 31 69.723 1 × 10 −6
Germanium Ge 32 72.630 2 × 10 −5
Arsenic As 33 74.922 8 × 10 −7
Selenium Se 34 78.971 3 × 10 −6
Bromine Br 35 79.904 7 × 10 −7
Krypton Kr 36 83.798 4 × 10 −6
Rubidium Rb 37 85.468 1 × 10 −6
’Strontium Sr 38 87.62 4 × 10 −6
Yttrium Y 39 88.906 7 × 10 −7
Zirconium Zr 40 91.224 5 × 10 −6
Niobium Nb 41 92.906 2 × 10 −7
Molybdenum Mo 42 95.95 5 × 10 −7
Technetium Tc 43 (98) —
Ruthenium Ru 44 101.07 4 × 10 −7
Rhodium Rh 45 102.906 6 × 10 −8
Palladium Pd 46 106.42 2 × 10 −7
Silver Ag 47 107.868 6 × 10 −8
Cadmium Cd 48 112.414 2 × 10 −7
Indium In 49 114.818 3 × 10 −8
Tin Sn 50 118.710 4 × 10 −7
Antimony Sb 51 121.760 4 × 10 −8
Tellurium Te 52 127.60 9 × 10 −7
Iodine I 53 126.904 1 × 10 −7
Xenon Xe 54 131.293 1 × 10 −6
Cesium Cs 55 132.905 8 × 10 −8
Barium Ba 56 137.327 1 × 10 −6
Lanthanum La 57 138.905 2 × 10 −7
Cerium Ce 58 140.116 1 × 10 −6
Praseodymium Pr 59 140.907 2 × 10 −7
Neodymium Nd 60 144.242 1 × 10 −6
Promethium Pm 61 (145) —
Samarium Sm 62 150.36 5 × 10 −7
Europium Eu 63 151.964 5 × 10 −8
Gadolinium Gd 64 157.25 2 × 10 −7
Terbium Tb 65 158.925 5 × 10 −8
Dysprosium Dy 66 162.500 2 × 10 −7
Holmium Ho 67 164.930 5 × 10 −8
Erbium Er 68 167.259 2 × 10 −7
Thulium Tm 69 168.934 1 × 10 −8
Ytterbium Yb 70 173.054 2 × 10 −7
Lutetium Lu 71 174.967 1 × 10 −8
Hafnium Hf 72 178.49 7 × 10 −8
Tantalum Ta 73 180.948 8 × 10 −9
Tungsten W 74 183.84 5 × 10 −8
Rhenium Re 75 186.207 2 × 10 −8
Osmium Os 76 190.23 3 × 10 −7
Iridium Ir 77 192.217 2 × 10 −7
Platinum Pt 78 195.084 5 × 10 −7
Gold Au 79 196.967 6 × 10 −8
Mercury Hg 80 200.592 1 × 10 −7
Thallium TI 81 204.38 5 × 10 −8
Lead Pb 82 207.2 1 × 10 −6
Bismuth Bi 83 208.980 7 × 10 −8
Polonium Po 84 (209) —
Astatine At 85 (210) —
Radon Rn 86 (222) —
Francium Fr 87 (223) —
Radium Ra 88 (226) —
Actinium Ac 89 (227) —
Thorium Th 90 232.038 4 × 10 −8
Protactinium Pa 91 231.036 —
Uranium U 92 238.029 2 × 10 −8
Neptunium Np 93 (237) —
Plutonium Pu 94 (244) —
Americium Am 95 (243) —
Curium Cm 96 (247) —
Berkelium Bk 97 (247) —
Californium Cf 98 (251) —
Einsteinium Es 99 (252) —
Fermium Fm 100 (257) —
Mendelevium Md 101 (258) —
Nobelium No 102 (259) —
Lawrencium Lr 103 (262) —
Rutherfordium Rf 104 (267) —
Dubnium Db 105 (268) —
Seaborgium Sg 106 (271) —
Bohrium Bh 107 (272) —
Hassium Hs 108 (270) —
Meitnerium Mt 109 (276) —
Darmstadtium Ds 110 (281) —
Roentgenium Rg 111 (280) —
Copernicium Cn 112 (285) —
Ununtrium Uut 113 (284) —
Flerovium Fl 114 (289) —
Ununpentium Uup 115 (288) —
Livermorium Lv 116 (293) —
Ununseptium Uus 117 (294) —
Ununoctium Uuo 118 (294) —

Note: Some of the newest elements near the bottom of the table have suggested names that are still under review, and those names are not yet listed here. For example, Tennessine is suggested for element 117, after the state where the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is located.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Astronomy. OpenStax CNX. Apr 12, 2017 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11992/1.13
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