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4.1 Types of tissues Read Online
4.2 Epithelial tissue Read Online
4.3 Connective tissue supports and protects Read Online
4.4 Muscle tissue and motion Read Online
4.5 Nervous tissue mediates perception and response Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
The body contains at least 200 distinct cell types. These cells contain essentially the same internal structures yet they vary enormously in shape and function. The different types of cells are not randomly distributed throughout the body; rather they occur in organized layers, a level of organization referred to as tissue. The micrograph that opens this chapter shows the high degree of organization among different types of cells in the tissue of the cervix. You can also see how that organization breaks down when cancer takes over the regular mitotic functioning of a cell.
The variety in shape reflects the many different roles that cells fulfill in your body. The human body starts as a single cell at fertilization. As this fertilized egg divides, it gives rise to trillions of cells, each built from the same blueprint, but organizing into tissues and becoming irreversibly committed to a developmental pathway.
Download MCQ Key Terms PDF eBook
Question: atrophy
Choices:
loss of mass and function
Question: apocrine secretion
Choices:
release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell
Question: adipocytes
Choices:
lipid storage cells
Question: basement membrane
Choices:
in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina
Question: apoptosis
Choices:
programmed cell death
Question: adipose tissue
Choices:
specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat
Question: astrocyte
Choices:
star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier
Question: areolar tissue
Choices:
(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
Question: apical
Choices:
that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space
Question: basal lamina
Choices:
thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues
Question: anchoring junction
Choices:
mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane
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