Start Key Terms: Anatomy & Physiology Key Terms Endocrine System

Question: adrenal glands

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endocrine glands located at the top of each kidney that are important for the regulation of the stress response, blood pressure and blood volume, water homeostasis, and electrolyte levels

Question: adrenal medulla

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inner layer of the adrenal glands that plays an important role in the stress response by producing epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question: adrenal cortex

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outer region of the adrenal glands consisting of multiple layers of epithelial cells and capillary networks that produces mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

Question: alpha cell

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pancreatic islet cell type that produces the hormone glucagon

Question: adrenocorticotropic hormone

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(ACTH) anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroid hormones (also called corticotropin)

Question: alarm reaction

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the short-term stress, or the fight-or-flight response, of stage one of the general adaptation syndrome mediated by the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question: adenylyl cyclase

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membrane-bound enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP, creating cAMP, as a result of G-protein activation

Question: acromegaly

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disorder in adults caused when abnormally high levels of GH trigger growth of bones in the face, hands, and feet

Question: angiotensin-converting enzyme

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the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question: antidiuretic hormone

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(ADH) hypothalamic hormone that is stored by the posterior pituitary and that signals the kidneys to reabsorb water

Question: aldosterone

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hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex that stimulates sodium and fluid retention and increases blood volume and blood pressure