So describing something with words would be something like, "Linda is a bank teller", or "Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement" Here is the explanation from Narens:
- Kahneman and Tversky found that over 85% of participants believed it was more likely that Linda was both a bank teller and a feminist than just a bank teller. This is an example of what has become known as the conjunction fallacy. According to Kahneman and Tversky, it is due to representativeness: “bank teller and is active in the feminist movement” is more a “representative” description of Linda than just “bank teller.”
So a humans mind has the verbal description given to them in words, and then their mind forms a representation based off of what they heard (i.e. - possibly an idea of Linda in their minds).
So that means that there must be lots of words use people use to describe things, and also lots of cognitive 'ideas' or 'representations' they have in their mind that might assist these words.
So words, ideas and representations are all things a human's mind uses to think. I don't know when exactly a human mind might use words instead of abstract, non-verbal thoughts - that would be getting unnecessarily detailed into how thinking works, I would say.
So what exactly is a 'subjective evaluation'?
A subjective evaluation is exactly what those words describe - an assessment or evaluation of something that is biased, opinionated, and even possibly highly influenced by the persons feelings.
Subjective evaluations are important because people make them all of the time, whether or not they are aware of it. For instance anytime you see another person your mind makes an opinionated assessment of them. You might or might not be aware of your unconscious assessment - maybe you make a conscious assessment of the person that is different from your unconscious one, in which case you could feel confused about the person or something.
Since earlier in this paper I stated that everything in life is actually subjective, that means that people are constantly making subjective evaluations whenever they think about anything. Any thought about something could be subjective in some way.
If you see a photograph maybe you have an unconscious opinion of that - or even if you think about something you wouldn't typically consider to be emotional your mind could still have a strong unconscious feeling or interpretation.
How to develop a logical reasoner
The human mind (and animal minds, though the process is different) comes to conclusions by weighing evidence. This process could be done unconsciously or consciously; for instance people might make if - then statements to think about material. Part of that might be considering evidence from examples that easily come to mind (this is called the 'availability' heuristic), or examples that are harder or take longer to come to mind.
People often have a tendency to rely on the first piece of information gathered, this heuristic is called 'anchoring and adjustment' - During decision making, anchoring occurs when individuals use an initial piece of information to make subsequent judgments. People might adjust away from the anchor to get their final answer, which would be the logical thing to do; however studies show people tend rely on the first piece of information - whether it is right or not (instead of using it as evidence and explain away from it when the information is false)