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Find the sum: ( 2 x 2 3 x y 2 y 2 ) + ( 5 x 2 3 x y ) .

7 x 2 6 x y 2 y 2

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Find the difference: ( p 2 + q 2 ) ( p 2 + 10 p q 2 q 2 ) .

Solution

( p 2 + q 2 ) ( p 2 + 10 p q 2 q 2 ) Distribute. p 2 + q 2 p 2 10 p q + 2 q 2 Rearrange the terms, to put like terms together. p 2 p 2 10 p q + q 2 + 2 q 2 Combine like terms. −10 p q 2 + 3 q 2

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Find the difference: ( a 2 + b 2 ) ( a 2 + 5 a b 6 b 2 ) .

−5 a b 5 b 2

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Find the difference: ( m 2 + n 2 ) ( m 2 7 m n 3 n 2 ) .

4 n 2 + 7 m n

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Simplify: ( a 3 a 2 b ) ( a b 2 + b 3 ) + ( a 2 b + a b 2 ) .

Solution

( a 3 a 2 b ) ( a b 2 + b 3 ) + ( a 2 b + a b 2 ) Distribute. a 3 a 2 b a b 2 b 3 + a 2 b + a b 2 Rearrange the terms, to put like terms together. a 3 a 2 b + a 2 b a b 2 + a b 2 b 3 Combine like terms. a 3 b 3

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Simplify: ( x 3 x 2 y ) ( x y 2 + y 3 ) + ( x 2 y + x y 2 ) .

x 3 y 3

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Simplify: ( p 3 p 2 q ) + ( p q 2 + q 3 ) ( p 2 q + p q 2 ) .

p 3 2 p 2 q + q 3

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Evaluate a polynomial for a given value

We have already learned how to evaluate expressions. Since polynomials are expressions, we’ll follow the same procedures to evaluate a polynomial    . We will substitute the given value for the variable and then simplify using the order of operations.

Evaluate 5 x 2 8 x + 4 when

  1. x = 4
  2. x = −2
  3. x = 0

Solution

x = 4
5 x squared minus 8 x plus 4.
Substitute 4 for x. 5 times 4 squared minus 8 times 4 plus 4.
Simplify the exponents. 5 times 16 minus 8 times 4 plus 4.
Multiply. 80 minus 32 plus 4.
Simplify. 52.
x = −2
5 x squared minus 8 x plus 4.
Substitute negative 2 for x. 5 times negative 2 squared minus 8 times negative 2 plus 4.
Simplify the exponents. 5 times 4 minus 8 times negative 2 plus 4.
Multiply. 20 plus 16 plus 4.
Simplify. 40.
x = 0
5 x squared minus 8 x plus 4.
Substitute 0 for x. 5 times 0 squared minus 8 times 0 plus 4.
Simplify the exponents. 5 times 0 minus 8 times 0 plus 4.
Multiply. 0 plus 0 plus 4.
Simplify. 4.
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Evaluate: 3 x 2 + 2 x 15 when

  1. x = 3
  2. x = −5
  3. x = 0

18 50 −15

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Evaluate: 5 z 2 z 4 when

  1. z = −2
  2. z = 0
  3. z = 2

18 −4 14

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The polynomial −16 t 2 + 250 gives the height of a ball t seconds after it is dropped from a 250 foot tall building. Find the height after t = 2 seconds.

Solution

−16 t 2 + 250 Substitute t = 2 . −16 ( 2 ) 2 + 250 Simplify. −16 · 4 + 250 Simplify. −64 + 250 Simplify. 186 After 2 seconds the height of the ball is 186 feet.

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The polynomial −16 t 2 + 250 gives the height of a ball t seconds after it is dropped from a 250-foot tall building. Find the height after t = 0 seconds.

250

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The polynomial −16 t 2 + 250 gives the height of a ball t seconds after it is dropped from a 250-foot tall building. Find the height after t = 3 seconds.

106

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The polynomial 6 x 2 + 15 x y gives the cost, in dollars, of producing a rectangular container whose top and bottom are squares with side x feet and sides of height y feet. Find the cost of producing a box with x = 4 feet and y = 6 feet.

Solution

6 x squared plus 15 x y.
Substitute x equals 4 and y equals 6. 6 times 4 squared plus 15 times 4 times 6.
Simplify. 6 times 16 plus 15 times 4 times 6.
Simplify. 96 plus 360.
Simplify. 456.
The cost of producing the box is $456.

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The polynomial 6 x 2 + 15 x y gives the cost, in dollars, of producing a rectangular container whose top and bottom are squares with side x feet and sides of height y feet. Find the cost of producing a box with x = 6 feet and y = 4 feet.

$576

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The polynomial 6 x 2 + 15 x y gives the cost, in dollars, of producing a rectangular container whose top and bottom are squares with side x feet and sides of height y feet. Find the cost of producing a box with x = 5 feet and y = 8 feet.

$750

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Access these online resources for additional instruction and practice with adding and subtracting polynomials.

Key concepts

  • Monomials
    • A monomial is a term of the form a x m , where a is a constant and m is a whole number
  • Polynomials
    • polynomial —A monomial, or two or more monomials combined by addition or subtraction is a polynomial.
    • monomial —A polynomial with exactly one term is called a monomial.
    • binomial —A polynomial with exactly two terms is called a binomial.
    • trinomial —A polynomial with exactly three terms is called a trinomial.
  • Degree of a Polynomial
    • The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of its variables.
    • The degree of a constant is 0.
    • The degree of a polynomial is the highest degree of all its terms.

Questions & Answers

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Anatomy is the identification and description of the structures of living things
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Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, while physiology is the study of the function of the body. Anatomy looks at the body's organs and systems, while physiology looks at how those organs and systems work together to keep the body functioning.
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Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are essential for digestion, liver function and much more. Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can cause health problems
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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary algebra. OpenStax CNX. Jan 18, 2017 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12116/1.2
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