2.1 The rectangular coordinate systems and graphs  (Page 5/21)

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Using the midpoint formula

When the endpoints of a line segment are known, we can find the point midway between them. This point is known as the midpoint and the formula is known as the midpoint formula    . Given the endpoints of a line segment, $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left({x}_{1},{y}_{1}\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left({x}_{2},{y}_{2}\right),$ the midpoint formula states how to find the coordinates of the midpoint $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}M.$

$M=\left(\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2},\frac{{y}_{1}+{y}_{2}}{2}\right)$

A graphical view of a midpoint is shown in [link] . Notice that the line segments on either side of the midpoint are congruent.

Finding the midpoint of the line segment

Find the midpoint of the line segment with the endpoints $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(7,-2\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(9,5\right).$

Use the formula to find the midpoint of the line segment.

$\begin{array}{l}\left(\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2},\frac{{y}_{1}+{y}_{2}}{2}\right)=\left(\frac{7+9}{2},\frac{-2+5}{2}\right)\hfill \\ \phantom{\rule{6.5em}{0ex}}=\left(8,\frac{3}{2}\right)\hfill \end{array}$

Find the midpoint of the line segment with endpoints $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(-2,-1\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(-8,6\right).$

$\left(-5,\frac{5}{2}\right)$

Finding the center of a circle

The diameter of a circle has endpoints $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(-1,-4\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(5,-4\right).\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ Find the center of the circle.

The center of a circle is the center, or midpoint, of its diameter. Thus, the midpoint formula will yield the center point.

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\frac{{x}_{1}+{x}_{2}}{2},\frac{{y}_{1}+{y}_{2}}{2}\right)\\ \left(\frac{-1+5}{2},\frac{-4-4}{2}\right)=\left(\frac{4}{2},-\frac{8}{2}\right)=\left(2,-4\right)\end{array}$

Access these online resources for additional instruction and practice with the Cartesian coordinate system.

Key concepts

• We can locate, or plot, points in the Cartesian coordinate system using ordered pairs, which are defined as displacement from the x- axis and displacement from the y- axis. See [link] .
• An equation can be graphed in the plane by creating a table of values and plotting points. See [link] .
• Using a graphing calculator or a computer program makes graphing equations faster and more accurate. Equations usually have to be entered in the form y= _____. See [link] .
• Finding the x- and y- intercepts can define the graph of a line. These are the points where the graph crosses the axes. See [link] .
• The distance formula is derived from the Pythagorean Theorem and is used to find the length of a line segment. See [link] and [link] .
• The midpoint formula provides a method of finding the coordinates of the midpoint dividing the sum of the x -coordinates and the sum of the y -coordinates of the endpoints by 2. See [link] and [link] .

Verbal

Is it possible for a point plotted in the Cartesian coordinate system to not lie in one of the four quadrants? Explain.

Answers may vary. Yes. It is possible for a point to be on the x -axis or on the y -axis and therefore is considered to NOT be in one of the quadrants.

Describe the process for finding the x- intercept and the y -intercept of a graph algebraically.

Describe in your own words what the y -intercept of a graph is.

The y -intercept is the point where the graph crosses the y -axis.

When using the distance formula $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}d=\sqrt{{\left({x}_{2}-{x}_{1}\right)}^{2}+{\left({y}_{2}-{y}_{1}\right)}^{2}},$ explain the correct order of operations that are to be performed to obtain the correct answer.

Algebraic

For each of the following exercises, find the x -intercept and the y -intercept without graphing. Write the coordinates of each intercept.

$y=-3x+6$

The x- intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(2,0\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and the y -intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,6\right).$

$4y=2x-1$

$3x-2y=6$

The x- intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(2,0\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}}$ and the y -intercept is $\text{\hspace{0.17em}}\left(0,-3\right).$

what is the coefficient of -4×
-1
Shedrak
the operation * is x * y =x + y/ 1+(x × y) show if the operation is commutative if x × y is not equal to -1
An investment account was opened with an initial deposit of \$9,600 and earns 7.4% interest, compounded continuously. How much will the account be worth after 15 years?
lim x to infinity e^1-e^-1/log(1+x)
given eccentricity and a point find the equiation
12, 17, 22.... 25th term
12, 17, 22.... 25th term
Akash
College algebra is really hard?
Absolutely, for me. My problems with math started in First grade...involving a nun Sister Anastasia, bad vision, talking & getting expelled from Catholic school. When it comes to math I just can't focus and all I can hear is our family silverware banging and clanging on the pink Formica table.
Carole
I'm 13 and I understand it great
AJ
I am 1 year old but I can do it! 1+1=2 proof very hard for me though.
Atone
hi
Not really they are just easy concepts which can be understood if you have great basics. I am 14 I understood them easily.
Vedant
find the 15th term of the geometric sequince whose first is 18 and last term of 387
I know this work
salma
The given of f(x=x-2. then what is the value of this f(3) 5f(x+1)
hmm well what is the answer
Abhi
If f(x) = x-2 then, f(3) when 5f(x+1) 5((3-2)+1) 5(1+1) 5(2) 10
Augustine
how do they get the third part x = (32)5/4
make 5/4 into a mixed number, make that a decimal, and then multiply 32 by the decimal 5/4 turns out to be
AJ
how
Sheref
can someone help me with some logarithmic and exponential equations.
20/(×-6^2)
Salomon
okay, so you have 6 raised to the power of 2. what is that part of your answer
I don't understand what the A with approx sign and the boxed x mean
it think it's written 20/(X-6)^2 so it's 20 divided by X-6 squared
Salomon
I'm not sure why it wrote it the other way
Salomon
I got X =-6
Salomon
ok. so take the square root of both sides, now you have plus or minus the square root of 20= x-6
oops. ignore that.
so you not have an equal sign anywhere in the original equation?
hmm
Abhi
is it a question of log
Abhi
🤔.
Abhi
I rally confuse this number And equations too I need exactly help
salma
But this is not salma it's Faiza live in lousvile Ky I garbage this so I am going collage with JCTC that the of the collage thank you my friends
salma
Commplementary angles
hello
Sherica
im all ears I need to learn
Sherica
right! what he said ⤴⤴⤴
Tamia
hii
Uday
hi
salma
hi
Ayuba
Hello
opoku
hi
Ali
greetings from Iran
Ali
salut. from Algeria
Bach
hi
Nharnhar
what is a good calculator for all algebra; would a Casio fx 260 work with all algebra equations? please name the cheapest, thanks.
a perfect square v²+2v+_
kkk nice