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log 15 ( a ) = b

15 b = a

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log 13 ( 142 ) = a

13 a = 142

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For the following exercises, rewrite each equation in logarithmic form.

n 4 = 103

log n ( 103 ) = 4

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y x = 39 100

log y ( 39 100 ) = x

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For the following exercises, solve for x by converting the logarithmic equation to exponential form.

log 2 ( x ) = 3

x = 2 3 = 1 8

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log 3 ( x ) = 3

x = 3 3 = 27

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log 9 ( x ) = 1 2

x = 9 1 2 = 3

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log 6 ( x ) = 3

x = 6 3 = 1 216

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For the following exercises, use the definition of common and natural logarithms to simplify.

e ln ( 10.125 ) + 4

14.125

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Numeric

For the following exercises, evaluate the base b logarithmic expression without using a calculator.

For the following exercises, evaluate the common logarithmic expression without using a calculator.

2 log ( 100 3 )

12

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For the following exercises, evaluate the natural logarithmic expression without using a calculator.

ln ( e 0.225 ) 3

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Technology

For the following exercises, evaluate each expression using a calculator. Round to the nearest thousandth.

Extensions

Is x = 0 in the domain of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) ? If so, what is the value of the function when x = 0 ? Verify the result.

No, the function has no defined value for x = 0. To verify, suppose x = 0 is in the domain of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) . Then there is some number n such that n = log ( 0 ) . Rewriting as an exponential equation gives: 10 n = 0 , which is impossible since no such real number n exists. Therefore, x = 0 is not the domain of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) .

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Is f ( x ) = 0 in the range of the function f ( x ) = log ( x ) ? If so, for what value of x ? Verify the result.

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Is there a number x such that ln x = 2 ? If so, what is that number? Verify the result.

Yes. Suppose there exists a real number x such that ln x = 2. Rewriting as an exponential equation gives x = e 2 , which is a real number. To verify, let x = e 2 . Then, by definition, ln ( x ) = ln ( e 2 ) = 2.

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Is the following true: log 3 ( 27 ) log 4 ( 1 64 ) = −1 ? Verify the result.

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Is the following true: ln ( e 1.725 ) ln ( 1 ) = 1.725 ? Verify the result.

No; ln ( 1 ) = 0 , so ln ( e 1.725 ) ln ( 1 ) is undefined.

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Real-world applications

The exposure index E I for a 35 millimeter camera is a measurement of the amount of light that hits the film. It is determined by the equation E I = log 2 ( f 2 t ) , where f is the “f-stop” setting on the camera, and t is the exposure time in seconds. Suppose the f-stop setting is 8 and the desired exposure time is 2 seconds. What will the resulting exposure index be?

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Refer to the previous exercise. Suppose the light meter on a camera indicates an E I of 2 , and the desired exposure time is 16 seconds. What should the f-stop setting be?

2

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The intensity levels I of two earthquakes measured on a seismograph can be compared by the formula log I 1 I 2 = M 1 M 2 where M is the magnitude given by the Richter Scale. In August 2009, an earthquake of magnitude 6.1 hit Honshu, Japan. In March 2011, that same region experienced yet another, more devastating earthquake, this time with a magnitude of 9.0. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical.php. Accessed 3/4/2014. How many times greater was the intensity of the 2011 earthquake? Round to the nearest whole number.

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Questions & Answers

Ayele, K., 2003. Introductory Economics, 3rd ed., Addis Ababa.
Widad Reply
can you send the book attached ?
Ariel
?
Ariel
What is economics
Widad Reply
the study of how humans make choices under conditions of scarcity
AI-Robot
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn Reply
U(x,y) = (x×y)1/2 find mu of x for y
Desalegn
what is ecnomics
Jan Reply
this is the study of how the society manages it's scarce resources
Belonwu
what is macroeconomic
John Reply
macroeconomic is the branch of economics which studies actions, scale, activities and behaviour of the aggregate economy as a whole.
husaini
etc
husaini
difference between firm and industry
husaini Reply
what's the difference between a firm and an industry
Abdul
firm is the unit which transform inputs to output where as industry contain combination of firms with similar production 😅😅
Abdulraufu
Suppose the demand function that a firm faces shifted from Qd  120 3P to Qd  90  3P and the supply function has shifted from QS  20  2P to QS 10  2P . a) Find the effect of this change on price and quantity. b) Which of the changes in demand and supply is higher?
Toofiq Reply
explain standard reason why economic is a science
innocent Reply
factors influencing supply
Petrus Reply
what is economic.
Milan Reply
scares means__________________ends resources. unlimited
Jan
economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship b/w ends and scares means which have alternative uses
Jan
calculate the profit maximizing for demand and supply
Zarshad Reply
Why qualify 28 supplies
Milan
what are explicit costs
Nomsa Reply
out-of-pocket costs for a firm, for example, payments for wages and salaries, rent, or materials
AI-Robot
concepts of supply in microeconomics
David Reply
economic overview notes
Amahle Reply
identify a demand and a supply curve
Salome Reply
i don't know
Parul
there's a difference
Aryan
Demand curve shows that how supply and others conditions affect on demand of a particular thing and what percent demand increase whith increase of supply of goods
Israr
Hi Sir please how do u calculate Cross elastic demand and income elastic demand?
Abari
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Source:  OpenStax, College algebra. OpenStax CNX. Feb 06, 2015 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11759/1.3
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