# 2.2 Graphs of linear functions  (Page 6/15)

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As with parallel lines, we can determine whether two lines are perpendicular by comparing their slopes, assuming that the lines are neither horizontal nor perpendicular. The slope of each line below is the negative reciprocal of the other so the lines are perpendicular.

The product of the slopes is –1.

$-4\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)=-1$

## Parallel and perpendicular lines

Two lines are parallel lines    if they do not intersect. The slopes of the lines are the same.

If and only if ${b}_{1}={b}_{2}$ and ${m}_{1}={m}_{2},$ we say the lines coincide. Coincident lines are the same line.

Two lines are perpendicular lines    if they intersect at right angles.

## Identifying parallel and perpendicular lines

Given the functions below, identify the functions whose graphs are a pair of parallel lines and a pair of perpendicular lines.

$\begin{array}{lll}f\left(x\right)=2x+3\hfill & \hfill & h\left(x\right)=-2x+2\hfill \\ g\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}x-4\hfill & \hfill & \text{\hspace{0.17em}}j\left(x\right)=2x-6\hfill \end{array}$

Parallel lines have the same slope. Because the functions $f\left(x\right)=2x+3$ and $j\left(x\right)=2x-6$ each have a slope of 2, they represent parallel lines. Perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes. Because −2 and $\frac{1}{2}$ are negative reciprocals, the equations, $g\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}x-4$ and $h\left(x\right)=-2x+2$ represent perpendicular lines.

## Writing the equation of a line parallel or perpendicular to a given line

If we know the equation of a line, we can use what we know about slope to write the equation of a line that is either parallel or perpendicular to the given line.

## Writing equations of parallel lines

Suppose for example, we are given the following equation.

$f\left(x\right)=3x+1$

We know that the slope of the line formed by the function is 3. We also know that the y- intercept is $\left(0,1\right).$ Any other line with a slope of 3 will be parallel to $f\left(x\right).$ So the lines formed by all of the following functions will be parallel to $f\left(x\right).$

$\begin{array}{l}g\left(x\right)=3x+6\hfill \\ h\left(x\right)=3x+1\hfill \\ p\left(x\right)=3x+\frac{2}{3}\hfill \end{array}$

Suppose then we want to write the equation of a line that is parallel to $f$ and passes through the point We already know that the slope is 3. We just need to determine which value for $b$ will give the correct line. We can begin with the point-slope form of an equation for a line, and then rewrite it in the slope-intercept form.

So $g\left(x\right)=3x+4$ is parallel to $f\left(x\right)=3x+1$ and passes through the point

Given the equation of a function and a point through which its graph passes, write the equation of a line parallel to the given line that passes through the given point.

1. Find the slope of the function.
2. Substitute the given values into either the general point-slope equation or the slope-intercept equation for a line.
3. Simplify.

## Finding a line parallel to a given line

Find a line parallel to the graph of $f\left(x\right)=3x+6$ that passes through the point

The slope of the given line is 3. If we choose the slope-intercept form, we can substitute $m=3,$ $x=3,$ and $f\left(x\right)=0$ into the slope-intercept form to find the y- intercept.

The line parallel to $f\left(x\right)$ that passes through is $g\left(x\right)=3x-9.$

The center is at (3,4) a focus is at (3,-1), and the lenght of the major axis is 26
The center is at (3,4) a focus is at (3,-1) and the lenght of the major axis is 26 what will be the answer?
Rima
I done know
Joe
What kind of answer is that😑?
Rima
I had just woken up when i got this message
Joe
Rima
i have a question.
Abdul
how do you find the real and complex roots of a polynomial?
Abdul
@abdul with delta maybe which is b(square)-4ac=result then the 1st root -b-radical delta over 2a and the 2nd root -b+radical delta over 2a. I am not sure if this was your question but check it up
Nare
This is the actual question: Find all roots(real and complex) of the polynomial f(x)=6x^3 + x^2 - 4x + 1
Abdul
@Nare please let me know if you can solve it.
Abdul
I have a question
juweeriya
hello guys I'm new here? will you happy with me
mustapha
The average annual population increase of a pack of wolves is 25.
how do you find the period of a sine graph
Period =2π if there is a coefficient (b), just divide the coefficient by 2π to get the new period
Am
if not then how would I find it from a graph
Imani
by looking at the graph, find the distance between two consecutive maximum points (the highest points of the wave). so if the top of one wave is at point A (1,2) and the next top of the wave is at point B (6,2), then the period is 5, the difference of the x-coordinates.
Am
you could also do it with two consecutive minimum points or x-intercepts
Am
I will try that thank u
Imani
Case of Equilateral Hyperbola
ok
Zander
ok
Shella
f(x)=4x+2, find f(3)
Benetta
f(3)=4(3)+2 f(3)=14
lamoussa
14
Vedant
pre calc teacher: "Plug in Plug in...smell's good" f(x)=14
Devante
8x=40
Chris
Explain why log a x is not defined for a < 0
the sum of any two linear polynomial is what
Momo
how can are find the domain and range of a relations
the range is twice of the natural number which is the domain
Morolake
A cell phone company offers two plans for minutes. Plan A: $15 per month and$2 for every 300 texts. Plan B: $25 per month and$0.50 for every 100 texts. How many texts would you need to send per month for plan B to save you money?
6000
Robert
more than 6000
Robert
can I see the picture
How would you find if a radical function is one to one?
how to understand calculus?
with doing calculus
SLIMANE
Thanks po.
Jenica
Hey I am new to precalculus, and wanted clarification please on what sine is as I am floored by the terms in this app? I don't mean to sound stupid but I have only completed up to college algebra.
I don't know if you are looking for a deeper answer or not, but the sine of an angle in a right triangle is the length of the opposite side to the angle in question divided by the length of the hypotenuse of said triangle.
Marco
can you give me sir tips to quickly understand precalculus. Im new too in that topic. Thanks
Jenica
if you remember sine, cosine, and tangent from geometry, all the relationships are the same but they use x y and r instead (x is adjacent, y is opposite, and r is hypotenuse).
Natalie
it is better to use unit circle than triangle .triangle is only used for acute angles but you can begin with. Download any application named"unit circle" you find in it all you need. unit circle is a circle centred at origine (0;0) with radius r= 1.
SLIMANE
What is domain
johnphilip
the standard equation of the ellipse that has vertices (0,-4)&(0,4) and foci (0, -15)&(0,15) it's standard equation is x^2 + y^2/16 =1 tell my why is it only x^2? why is there no a^2?
what is foci?
This term is plural for a focus, it is used for conic sections. For more detail or other math questions. I recommend researching on "Khan academy" or watching "The Organic Chemistry Tutor" YouTube channel.
Chris